LIPE C-60G influences the effects of physical activity on body fat and plasma lipid concentrations: the Quebec Family St
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LIPE C-60G influences the effects of physical activity on body fat and plasma lipid concentrations: The Quebec Family Study Christophe Garenc,1,2 Marie-Claude Vohl,2,3 Claude Bouchard4 and Louis Pe´russe2,5* 1
De´partement de Me´decine, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, QC, G1K 7P4 Canada Centre de recherche sur les maladies lipidiques (CRML), Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Universite´ Laval du CHUQ, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, QC, G1V 4G2 Canada 3 De´partement des sciences des Aliments etde Nutrition, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, QC, G1K 7P4 Canada 4 Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808 USA 5 Division de Kine´siologie, De´partement de me´decine sociale et pre´ventive, Universite´ Laval, Que´bec, QC, G1K 7P4 Canada *Correspondence to: Tel: þ1 418 656 7831; Fax: þ1 418 656 3044; E-mail: [email protected] 2
Date received (in revised form): 9th July 2008
Abstract A large body of evidence suggests that the environment plays an important role in the development of obesity. The hormone-sensitive lipase (encoded by the LIPE gene) is an intracellular enzyme that mobilises fat stores in a hormone-stimulated manner. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the LIPE C-60G polymorphism on body fat and plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and to test for its interaction with physical activity. The LIPE C-60G polymorphism was genotyped in 862 subjects from the Quebec Family Study. Body mass index (BMI), fat mass, percentage body fat, abdominal fat areas assessed by computed tomography, and detailed fasting plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles were measured. Levels of physical activity were estimated using a three-day diary, and a moderate to strenuous physical activity score was retained for this study. The main effects of the LIPE C-60G polymorphism, physical activity and their interaction were determined by regression analyses separately in men and women using the MIXED model procedure. In men, we observed significant gene– physical activity interactions for BMI ( p ¼ 0.006), fat mass ( p ¼ 0.04), abdominal visceral fat area ( p ¼ 0.005) and plasma cholesterol (C) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) ratio ( p ¼ 0.003). A high level of physical activity was associated with reduced adiposity and a lower plasma-C/HDL-C ratio, but only in noncarriers of the genetic variant (G-60 allele). In women, no evidence of a gene by physical activity interaction was observed, except for subcutaneous abdominal fat ( p ¼ 0.05). These results suggest that the associations between physical activity and body fat and plasma lipoprotein/lipid concentrations in men are dependent on the LIPE C-60G polymorphism, and highlight the importance of taking into account the role of gene–physical activity interactions in candidate gene studies of obesity and obesity-related traits. Keywords: hormone-sensitive lipase, body fat, plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, gene –environment interaction
Introduction The hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) plays an imp
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