Lipidomic Abnormalities During the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: a Quantitative Review
- PDF / 488,100 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 65 Downloads / 208 Views
PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES (A PUGLIESE AND SJ RICHARDSON, SECTION EDITORS)
Lipidomic Abnormalities During the Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: a Quantitative Review Tommi Suvitaival 1 Published online: 15 August 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review The underlying factors triggering a cascade of autoimmune response that leads to the death of pancreatic beta cells and type 1 diabetes are to large extent unknown. Aberrations in the lipid balance have been suggested, either as factors directly contributing to autoimmunity or as a reflection of external factors, such as the diet or chemical exposure, which may increase the risk or even trigger the autoimmunity cascade. Recent Findings A small number of recent studies have investigated the blood lipidome before and after the onset of type 1 diabetes with a goal of identifying biomarkers of disease progression. Phosphatidylcholine levels in particular have been suggested to be reduced prior to the onset of type 1 diabetes. Summary In this review, we approach this question through a quantitative analysis of the reported lipids. We quantify the extent of consensus between these heterogeneous studies, describe the overall lipidomic pattern that has been reported, and call for more independent replication of the findings that we highlight in this review. Keywords Biomarkers . Lipidomics . Mass spectrometry . Metabolomics . Type 1 diabetes
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic disease that starts with an abnormal autoimmune activity that leads to the death of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas [1]. Several factors, including viral infections, exposure to toxins, and diet, have been suggested to play role in triggering the autoimmune cascade in some situations or at least in modifying the risk thereof. Also lipids and other circulating compounds have been hypothesized to play a role in the autoimmune cascade, either as a reflection of exposure to external factors such as
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-020-01326-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tommi Suvitaival [email protected] 1
Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Niels Steensens Vej 2-4, DK-2820 Gentofte, Denmark
diet or more directly by creating a persistent state of inflammation in the body due to aberrant lipid homeostasis. Lipids are a diverse set of molecules that typically consist of one or more fatty acid chains attached to an active head group (see, e.g., Han [2]). For instance, triacylglycerols (or, triglycerides) have three fatty acid chains attached to a glycerol head. This structure, which is a combination of the hydrophobic fatty acid chains and a hydrophilic head group, gives the lipids an ability to self-organize into complex circulating particles that consist of various lipid species. These particles act in tasks of transport and signaling in the body.
Data Loading...
