Long noncoding RNAs: functions and mechanisms in colon cancer
- PDF / 903,399 Bytes
- 13 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 68 Downloads / 258 Views
REVIEW
Open Access
Long noncoding RNAs: functions and mechanisms in colon cancer Sian Chen and Xian Shen*
Abstract Evidence indicates that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a crucial role in the carcinogenesis and progression of a wide variety of human malignancies including colon cancer. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs involved in colon oncogenesis, such as HOTAIR, PVT1, H19, MALAT1, SNHG1, SNHG7, SNHG15, TUG1, XIST, ROR and ZEB1-AS1. We summarize the roles of lncRNAs in regulating cell proliferation, cell apoptotic death, the cell cycle, cell migrative and invasive ability, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer stem cells and drug resistance in colon cancer. In addition, we briefly highlight the functions of circRNAs in colon tumorigenesis and progression, including circPPP1R12A, circPIP5K1A, circCTIC1, circ_0001313, circRNA_104916 and circRNA-ACAP2. This review provides the rationale for anticancer therapy via modulation of lncRNAs and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in colon carcinoma. Keywords: LncRNAs, Colon cancer, miRNAs, Proliferation, Therapy
Introduction Colon cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed digestive cancers worldwide. In America, colon cancer has the fourth highest incidence behind breast, lung and prostate cancers, and is the second leading cause of death after lung cancer [1]. It is estimated that there are more than 1.5 million patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in America, and 104,610 new cases will be expected in 2020 [1, 2]. In China, CRC is one of the top five diagnosed cancers and causes of cancer-related deaths [3]. Widespread colonoscopy testing has reduced the incidence rate of CRC. Due to improvements in treatments, including colectomy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the overall 5-year relative survival rate for colon cancer patients is approximately 64% [2]. Although diet, microorganisms and their metabolites are associated with colon carcinogenesis, the detailed mechanisms of CRC development remain unclear [4]. * Correspondence: [email protected] Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No 109 Xueyuan West Road, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325027, China
Therefore, elucidating the molecular mechanisms of colon oncogenesis is of crucial importance. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in colon cancer development and progression [5, 6]. It is well known that ncRNAs belong to a class of transcripts that are mostly translated into proteins, but they also play important roles in a variety of cellular and physiologic processes [7]. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) with a length longer than 200 nucleotides participates in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, development, apoptosis and metastasis, often by serving as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate the expression of specific miRNAs, and then target molecules downstream of these miRNAs [8]. In fact, lncRNAs can interact with RNA, DNA and pr
Data Loading...
