Low latitude ionospheric response to March 2015 geomagnetic storm using multi-instrument TEC observations over India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Low latitude ionospheric response to March 2015 geomagnetic storm using multi-instrument TEC observations over India A. Vishnu Vardhan1 · P. Babu Sree Harsha1 · D. Venkata Ratnam1
· A.K. Upadhayaya2
Received: 18 September 2020 / Accepted: 2 December 2020 © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The regional ionospheric models are successful in capturing the variability of ionosphere with the inclusion of local ground-based GPS observations and location dependent ionospheric dynamics. In this context, there is a need to develop regional ionospheric maps that aids in improving the consistency of global models. In this paper, an attempt is made to understand the potentiality of multiinstrument observations over Indian region. Four different Total Electron Content (TEC) data sources namely from network of GPS receivers, Ionosonde stations, space based COSMIC radio occultation profiles and SWARM mission data is utilized. The multi-source data is chosen for the geomagnetic storm conditions prevailed during March 2015. Data from multiple-sources is observed over the period from 15th March 2015 to 20th March 2015. Validation of ground and space-based TEC data with International GNSS service (IGS) station data is significantly observed. Keywords GAGAN · VTEC · International GNSS service · Ionosphere · SWARM · Ionosonde
1 Introduction Geomagnetic storm causes disruption in the Earth’s magnetic field by transmission of dissipative solar processes into magnetosphere, ionosphere, and thermosphere system
B D. Venkata Ratnam
[email protected]
1
Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, 522502, India
2
National Physical Laboratory, K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
(Paul et al. 2018). The source of geomagnetic storm occurred by coronal mass ejections, co-rotating reciprocating domains, circlet voids, quiet and rapid solar wind torrents (Waheed et al. 2019). During the occurrence of the geomagnetic disturbance immensely reinforced high-latitude energy and propulsion inputs in the upper thermosphere leads to ion drag and active Joule heating that will change the global circulation and neutral temperature (Li et al. 2019). The electron density either increases or decreases during geomagnetic storm periods and the variations termed as “positive” or “negative” ionosphere storm effects (Mansilla 2019). The geomagnetic disturbances result in the deterioration of satellite-based navigation systems signals. The ionospheric irregularities need to be analyzed in-depth with their day-to-day variations to reach a level of forecasting capability over low latitude regions (Ray et al. 2017). The Earth’s magnetic flux lines create two-electron density peaks on each of the two sides of the magnetic equator is manifested as the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) (Ribeiro et al. 2019). The total electron content (TEC) determines the total count of electrons present per square meter on the line of sight from the
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