Lubricants and Coupling Agents in the Processes of the Liquid-Phase Modification of the Surface of Carbon and Glass Fibe
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NOLOGY OF POLYMERIC AND COMPOSITE MATERIALS
Lubricants and Coupling Agents in the Processes of the Liquid-Phase Modification of the Surface of Carbon and Glass Fiber Fillers in the Production of Structural Materials: A Review A. E. Sorokina, * and G. N. Petrovaa aAll-Russian
Scientific Research Institute of Aviation Materials, Moscow, 105005 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
Received July 26, 2017; revised January 9, 2019; accepted February 18, 2019
Abstract—This review considers the major approaches used in the application of coupling agents and lubricants onto fiber. It is shown that the use of lubricants and coupling agents in the matrix–filler system of carbon and glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs and CFRPs) provides the required level of interfacial interaction. For polymer composite materials, the maximum positive effect is achieved by controlling the ratio of the functional groups on the surface of the fiber. It has been found that nitrogen-containing modifiers should be used for the formation of the optimum composition of the surface of a fiber with the predominance of amino and hydroxyl groups. The considered methods of modification of the surface of the fiber will make it possible to improve the quality of the polymer composite materials being developed due to the increase in the adhesive interaction of their components. Keywords: carbon fiber, glass fiber, thermoplastic binding agent, coupling agent, lubricant DOI: 10.1134/S0040579520040120
INTRODUCTION The demand for structural and functional glass and carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRPs and CFRPs) increases year on year. They reduce production and operational expenditures, decrease the weight of products, and increase strength characteristics, which is of great interest for aviation. In connection with this, it is necessary to provide the stability and reproducibility of the properties of GFRPs and CFRPs when developing them [1–7]. It is known that the properties of GFRP and CFRP are determined by the binding agent (its chemical nature, structure, molecular weight (MW), etc.), filler (nature, morphology, structure, structure of the fiber surface (FS), etc.), and their interfacial interaction. When loading a composite material (CM), the stress is transferred from the binding agent to the filler, which is determined by the interfacial interaction of the components. If there isn’t one, the principle of creation of a CM stops working. However, if the interfacial interaction is too strong, the rigidity of a CM increases up to its embrittlement [8–14]. Methods of liquid-phase modification are of greatest interest for increasing the interfacial interaction in a CM. These methods of modification are a combination of the methods of chemical functionalization of the fiber surface by means of the action of solutions, suspensions, and emulsions with functional additives
on it. They include dressing the FS, the application of coatings, and acid etching [14–18]. These methods of fiber functionalization found wide application in the industrial and pilot
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