Lumped-Parameter Circuit Platform for Simulating Typical Cases of Pulmonary Hypertensions from Point of Hemodynamics
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Lumped-Parameter Circuit Platform for Simulating Typical Cases of Pulmonary Hypertensions from Point of Hemodynamics Hong Tang 1
&
Ziyin Dai 1 & Miao Wang 1 & Binbin Guo 1 & Shunyu Wang 2 & Jiabin Wen 2 & Ting Li 3
Received: 26 July 2019 / Accepted: 2 January 2020 # The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Pulmonary hypertension (PH) presents unusual hemodynamic states characterized by abnormal high blood pressure in pulmonary artery. The objective of this study is to simulate how the hemodynamics develops in typical PH cases without treatment. A lumped-parameter circuit platform of human circulation system is set up to simulate hemodynamic abnormalities of PH in different etiologies and pathogenesis. Four typical cases are considered, which are distal pulmonary artery stenosis, left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, ventricular septal defect, and mitral stenosis. The authors propose regulation laws for chambers and vessels to adapt the abnormal hemodynamic conditions for each PH case. The occurrence and development of each PH case are simulated over time using the lumped-parameter circuit platform. The blood pressure, blood flow, pressure-volume relations for chambers and vessels are numerically calculated for each case of PH progression. The model results could be a quite helpful to understand the hemodynamic mechanism of typical PHs. Keywords Pulmonary hypertension . Human circulation system . Distal pulmonary artery stenosis . Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction . Ventricular septal defect . Mitral stenosis . Hemodynamic modeling
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a general term to describe groups of clinical syndromes characterized by high pressure in the lungs caused by different etiologies and pathogenesis. At sea level, a cardiac output of 5 to 6 L/min is associated with a pulmonary artery pressure of about 20/12 mmHg. PH is Associate Editor Enrique Lara-Pezzi oversaw the review of this article Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12265-020-09953-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hong Tang [email protected] 1
School of Biomedical EngineeringDalian University of Technology, Dalian City, China
2
The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian City, China
3
School of Information and Communication EngineeringDalian Minzu University, Dalian City, China
considered if a mean pulmonary artery pressure is greater than 25 mmHg. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines five groups of PH based on different causes. They are referred to as PH WHO groups [1]. The first group is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), caused by narrowing, thickening, and stiffening of pulmonary arteries. The second group is PH due to left heart diseases. In this group, there are problems in the manner how the heart squeezes or relaxes, or problems with the valves on the left side of the heart. The third group is PH due to lung diseases. The fourth group is PH due to chronic blood clots in the lungs.
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