Manoeuvring Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of CVD-Grown Ba-Doped SnO 2 Nanostructures via Mn Co-Doping
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https://doi.org/10.1007/s11664-020-08452-9 Ó 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
Manoeuvring Morphological, Optical and Electrical Properties of CVD-Grown Ba-Doped SnO2 Nanostructures via Mn Co-Doping SHALU SHARMA1 and SANDEEP CHHOKER1,2 1.—Department of Physics and Material Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Noida 201307, India. 2.—e-mail: [email protected]
Barium and manganese (Ba and Mn) co-doped nanostructures of tin oxide (SnO2) are synthesized in situ using a thermal chemical vapour deposition method. The structural property correlation is established using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible light (UV–Vis), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Hall measurements. The role of substrate type (n-type silicon and quartz) and catalyst layer thickness is also studied for detailed examination of the correlation with SnO2 properties at nanoscale. In this study, the significant role of Mn as co-dopant in Ba-doped SnO2 onedimensional and two-dimensional nanostructures (nanowires and nanoflakes) is studied. Optical and room-temperature (RT) electrical measurements confirm the band gap tailoring from 3.2 eV to 3.6 eV relating to the Ba increase with Mn as co-dopant. Subsequently, the RT electron mobility changes from 46 cm2 s1 V1 to 88 cm2 s1 V1 as SnO2 changes from Ba-doped to Ba/Mn co-doped. The effective role of the co-dopant in band gap tailoring and the effects on morphology, optical and electrical properties are studied for SnO2 nanostructures. This study helps to gain a better understanding of the dopant population and the electrical and optical properties for transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), sensors, photocatalysis, solar cell materials and other applications. Key words: Nanostructures, chemical vapour deposition processes, oxide: semiconducting
INTRODUCTION Since their discovery, transparent conducting oxides (TCOs)1 still remain an area of research due to their multiple applications in photovoltaics,2 photo-catalysis,3 gas sensors,4 touch screens, agricultural windows and many more. Such high utility of this material is attributed to high transmission in the visible range while maintaining high conductivity.5 A variety of materials are available for use as TCOs, including SnO2, In2O3 and ZnO,6–8 among which SnO2 and its doped family of compounds has
(Received November 17, 2019; accepted August 25, 2020)
a practical edge over the others because of the strong dependence of its electrical and optical properties on the doping element and concentration, while maintaining structural and chemical stability.9,10 Until now, doped and pure SnO2 have been prepared using various techniques including spray pyrolysis,11 sol–gel,12 chemical vapour deposition (CVD),13 pulsed laser deposition14 and sputtering.15 Among these techniques, CVD has a clear advantage of utilizing more growth parameters which includes precursor types (oxides or element
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