Materials for a Non-Steady-State World
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Materials for a Non-Steady-State World
ROBERT E. SCHAFRIK
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-016-0655-4 Ó The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2016
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INTRODUCTION
THIS is the 44th lecture in the series of ‘‘Materials and Society.’’ The first lecture was presented in 1971 by Prof. Harvey Brooks, Harvard University, and was titled ‘‘Materials in a Steady-State World.’’[1] The focus of Professor Brook’s remarks was on sustainability and economical use of materials in design with the thought that a steady state would eventually be reached between consumption of materials by industrial societies and the availability of mineral resources. He posited that technical progress in three areas would be necessary in order to attain this desired state of affairs, anticipating that the world would continue to industrialize and thus consume ever more resources: (i) More ore bodies would be ROBERT E. SCHAFRIK, Sr., formerly General Manager with the Materials and Process Engineering Department, GE Aviation, Evendale, OH, is now retired. Contact e-mail: robert.schafrik @yahoo.com Robert E. Schafrik, Sr. retired from GE Aviation in April 2014 after serving for 17 years as general manager of Materials and Process Engineering. This department develops and qualifies the materials used in GE’s aero-engines and their land and marine derivatives. Prior to GE, for seven years he was staff director for the National Materials Advisory Board at the National Research Council (NRC). Prior to this, Bob was vice president of research and development for Technology Assessment and Transfer, Inc. for three years. He served in the U.S. Air Force for 20 years in a variety of R&D and advanced aerospace system acquisition capacities. Bob chaired the NRC’s National Materials and Manufacturing Board 2012–2015. He is a Fellow of ASM International and is a member of the National Academy of Engineering. He received ASM International’s William Hunt Eisenman Award and GE Corporate’s Edison Award. Bob has a Ph.D. in metallurgical engineering from Ohio State University, a M.S. in Information Systems from George Mason University, a M.S. in Aerospace Engineering from the Air Force Institute of Technology, and a B.S.in Metallurgy from Case Western Reserve University. Article published online March 31, 2016.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
discovered, and the extraction fraction of metals from them would be improved; (ii) Substitute materials would be developed to replace those that become scarce; and (iii) New technologies would improve the recycling of materials. The title of this talk, ‘‘Materials for a Non-Steady-State World,’’ is aimed at a different theme: expectations for continued improvement in the functionality and quality of products continue to rise non-linearly as the effects of progress are observed and experienced. Since materials are an essential ingredient of all physical products, the challenge to the materials community is to continue to develop and implement improved materials solutions that directly impact the quality of li
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