Materials for advanced studies and devices
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Materials for Advanced Studies and Devices
A. R. C. WESTWOOD
Materials science is entering a new and exciting period, with challenges related not only to the never-ending demand for superior structural materials, but also for new and sophisticated materials for microelectronic, optoelectronic, photonic, and superconducting applications. This contribution discusses the changing nature of the field and presents results related to the development of novel aluminum alloys, electroceramics, optical switches, laser diodes, and other heterostructure devices, etc., that illustrate how materials scientists are responding to some of today's opportunities to optimize performance by imaginative control of structure through processing.
The Edward DeMille Campbell Memorial Lecture was established in 1926 as an annual lecture in memory of and in recognition of the outstanding scientific contributions to the metallurgical profession by a distinguished educator who was blind for all but two years of his professional life. It recognizes demonstrated ability in metallurgical science and engineering.
ALBERT R.C. WESTWOOD is Vice President-Research and Development for Martin Marietta Corporation. He received his B.Sc., Ph.D., and D.Sc. degrees from the University of Birmingham, England, joining Martin Marietta Laboratories (then RIAS) in 1958, becoming its Director in 1974, and assuming his present position in 1987. He has published some 120 technical papers, mostly concerned with environmentsensitive mechanical behavior and, lately, R & D management, and has presented numerous keynote and invited lectures around the world. His scientific contributions have been recognized by a variety of awards and Fellowships, including the Beilby Gold Medal (1970), Fellow of the ASMI (1974), and AAAS (1986), and election to the National Academy of Engineering (1980). Current professional responsibilities include the Commission on Engineering and Technical Studies of the National Research Council, the Board of Directors (Vice President) of the Industrial Research Institute, the Board of Directors (Financial Planning Officer) of the Metallurgical Society, the Maryland Humanities Council (Vice Chairman), and Advisory Councils to the Foreign Secretary of the National Academy of Engineering, the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and the School of Engineering at The University of Maryland, College Park, MD. METALLURGICALTRANSACTIONS A
I.
INTRODUCTION
THE field
of materials science and technology is undergoing a revolution, with important developments occurring in almost every area. This "transformation" has come about quite abruptly; it is only a few years since some of us considered our field to have become dull, especially in comparison to what was going on in genetic engineering, microelectronics, and medical science. Today, however, materials scientists and engineers are working creatively not only on the traditional challenges of increasing the strength, toughness, and corrosion resistance of structural materials, but also on how to develop opti
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