Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite reinforced by multi-walled carb
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Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of thermoplastic polyurethane composite reinforced by multi‑walled carbon nanotube and titanium dioxide hybrid fillers Abreeza Manap1 · Savisha Mahalingam1 · Rajeswaran Vaithylingam2 · Huda Abdullah3 Received: 22 April 2020 / Revised: 25 August 2020 / Accepted: 25 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A suitable material for wind turbine blades has promoted great interest in carbonbased thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites as they are flexible, lightweight, and mechanically robust. However, these carbon-based fillers deteriorate the thermal and mechanical properties in the long run due to the high agglomeration of the nanoparticles. In addition to that, these fillers also increase the production cost because of the chemical treatment conducted on the fillers. Therefore, a new approach is essential for maintaining the mechanical and thermal properties without using expensive chemical treatment in a low-cost platform. In this work, we present low agglomeration with even distribution of reinforcing fillers in the TPU matrix and robust mechanical and thermal properties by incorporating T iO2 in the carbon-based TPU matrix (TiO2/MWCNT/TPU), without inclusion of costly chemical treatments. TiO2 improves morphology due to the low valency of Ti2+, which may decrease the particle size and thus, reduces agglomeration. Moreover, the enhanced morphology assists in sustaining the rigidity of its molecular structure at high temperatures. The composite also reveals excellent mechanical properties of high tensile stress (4.46 MPa), more extended elongation at break (49%), and high Young’s Modulus (9.17 MPa). The thermal analysis using DMA and TGA revealed that the sample TiO2/MWCNT/TPU is a good heat insulator and has a high glass transition temperature compared to the neat TPU indicating its ability to sustain rigidity at high temperatures overall, this composite can perform in elevated weather conditions. Keywords Agglomeration · MWCNT · TPU · TiO2 · Wind turbine blade
* Abreeza Manap [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Renewable energy is defined as energy produced via a source that shall not deplete at any circumstances. This means, power created using mostly natural resources, which are abundant. Solar energy, wind energy, bioenergy, geothermal energy, and hydropower energy are amongst the types of renewable energies [1]. The wind turbine is a growing power generation industry to lower pollution levels and promote green energy growth. The efficiency of the wind turbine relies on the size of the rotor blades, meaning large blades can produce more power [2]. Therefore, a material with low production cost, environmentally safe, durable, high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness to weight ratio, and weather-resistant is essential. In the recent evolution of rotor blades in the wind turbine industry, nu
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