Meligethes aeneus pollen-feeding suppresses, and oviposition induces, Brassica napus volatiles: beetle attraction/repell
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CHEMOECOLOGY
RESEARCH PAPER
Meligethes aeneus pollen-feeding suppresses, and oviposition induces, Brassica napus volatiles: beetle attraction/repellence to lilac aldehydes and veratrole Dariusz Piesik • Kevin J. Delaney • Anna Wenda-Piesik Sebastian Sendel • Piotr Tabaka • Bogusław Buszewski
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Received: 5 April 2013 / Accepted: 5 July 2013 Ó Springer Basel 2013
Abstract Insect pollination and pollen feeding can reduce plant volatile emissions and future insect floral attraction, with oviposition having different effects. Meligethes aeneus F. (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), is a pollenfeeding pest beetle of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L. (Brassicaceae). We measured plant VOC emission over 72 h from two types of 24 h M. aeneus exposure to B. napus: pollen feeding vs. flower bud injury and oviposition. The most abundant constitutive volatile organic compounds (VOCs), lilac aldehydes A (LA A) & B (LA B) and veratrole (VER), had 30–40 % reductions from M. aeneus pollen-feeding exposure at 24 h and 50–90 % reductions by 72 h, with greater reductions after bud injury
Handling Editor: Gu¨nther Raspotnig. D. Piesik (&) S. Sendel Department of Applied Entomology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 20 Kordeckiego St., 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland e-mail: [email protected] K. J. Delaney Pest Management Research Unit, Northern Plains Agricultural Research Lab, USDA-ARS, 1500 N. Central Ave., Sidney, MT 59270, USA A. Wenda-Piesik Department of Plant Growth Principles and Experimental Methodology, University of Technology and Life Sciences, 20 Kordeckiego St., 85-225 Bydgoszcz, Poland P. Tabaka _ ˛ dowo, 4A Parkowa St., Osielsko, Poland Forest Department Zołe B. Buszewski Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 7 Gagarina St., 87-100 Torun, Poland
and oviposition. Linalool (LIN), a common herbivoreinduced plant volatile (HIPV), emission did not change at 24 h, but was induced six- to sevenfold 48 h after both exposure treatments. By 72 h, LIN had even greater (tenfold) induction after bud injury and oviposition, but no induction from pollen feeding. Three common HIPVs (b-caryophyllene, = bCAR (E)-b-farnesene = EbFAR, and (Z)-b-ocimene = ZbOCI) were progressively induced up to 2.5-fold 72 h after floral bud injury and oviposition. We assayed M. aeneus adult behavioral responses to LA A and B, and VER. Both M. aeneus sexes were attracted to higher concentrations than single plant constitutive emission for these VOCs, but avoided much higher doses. Progressive LA A and B, and VER, emission reductions might help plants (e.g., B. napus) to avoid future interactions with pollen-feeding pest herbivores (e.g., M. aeneus). After bud injury and oviposition, HIPV induction could help plants deter future oviposition and/or attract natural enemies to deposited eggs. Keywords Oilseed rape Canola Volatile Induction Suppression Pollen beetle
Introduction Semiochemicals are used in mediating many plant–insect interactions, so how insect attraction and/or deterre
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