Memory impairment of chewing-side preference mice is associated with 5-HT-BDNF signal pathway
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Memory impairment of chewing‑side preference mice isassociated with 5‑HT‑BDNF signal pathway Hua Jiang1 · Hong Yin2 · Lin Wang1 · Chunzhen Feng1 · Yang Bai1 · Dongzong Huang1 · Qiao Zhang1 · Hongchen Liu1 · Yuan Hu2,3 Received: 29 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although tooth loss is a known risk factor of cognitive function, whether and how the chewing-side preference (CSP) affects memory impairment still remains unclear. This study evaluates the behavior changes in mice after the loss of teeth on one side and explores the role of serotonin (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signal pathway within these changes. To this end, CSP mouse models with either the removal of left unilateral molars (CSP-L) or right unilateral molars (CSP-R) were established. Morris water maze test and passive avoidance test were performed to evaluate the mice’s learning and memory capacity in the 4th and 8th weeks. The correlation between CSP and brain function changes was validated with changes in 5-HT and BDNF levels. CSP mice’s cognitive function was found to be decreased, along with a significant decline in 5-HT1A level, especially in CSP-R mice. BDNF and TrkB levels in CSP-R mice were also significantly lowered. These findings suggest that CSP results in memory impairment, which is associated with the 5-HT-BDNF signaling pathway. Keywords Chewing-side preference (CSP) · Serotonin (5-HT) · Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) · 5-HT-BDNF signaling pathway · Morris water maze test · Memory
Introduction Unilateral mastication is a common deleterious oral habit caused by defect/loss of unilateral dentition, functional disorder of muscles and joints, and oral inflammatory pain. The frequency of chewing-side preference (CSP) increases in patients at age between 20 and 29 years and peaks at the age between 40 and 69 [1, 2]. In most cross-sectional Hua Jiang and Hong Yin have contributed equally to this work. * Hongchen Liu liu‑[email protected] * Yuan Hu [email protected] 1
Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 FuXing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
2
Medical Supplier Center, Department of Pharmacy, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
3
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No.28 FuXing Road, Beijing 100853, People’s Republic of China
studies, worsening in chewing status signifies cognitive function decline and cognitive impairment [3]. Similarly, loss of teeth on one side inhibits hippocampal neurogenesis, impairs learning and memory capacity [4], and reduces acetylcholine (Ach) synthesis in hippocampal tissues, all of which are correlated with the presence of memory and learning disorders [5, 6]. Despite these findings, the correlation between CSP and the regulation of central neurotransmitters and their signaling pathways remains unclear. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a well-known neurotrophic factor of brain develop
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