Metaethics

Metaethics is an engaging and argumentative textbook introducing advanced students to the cutting edge of the debate in one of the most exciting areas of contemporary philosophy. Kirchin covers key topics, including varieties of moral realism, error theor

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on Ross PHILOSOPHY OF ECONOMICS Nancy Tuana FEMINISM AND PHILOSOPHY

Palgrave Philosophy Today Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0-230–00232-6 (hardcover) Series Standing Order ISBN 978–0-230–00233-3 (paperback) (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and one of the ISBNs quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England

Metaethics

Simon Kirchin University of Kent, UK

© Simon Kirchin 2012

Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2012 978-0-230-21946-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2012 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries

ISBN 978-0-230-21947-2 ISBN 978-1-137-28483-9 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137284839 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 Transferred to Digital Printing in 2014

Contents

Series Editor’s Preface

vii

Preface and Acknowledgements

ix

1 What Is Metaethics? 1.1 Starting thoughts 1.2 The main questions and some standard positions 1.3 Moral psychology 1.4 Moral relativism again 1.5 Concluding remarks and a plan

1 1 6 14 16 19

2

Moral Realism: Mind-Independence 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Why realism? 2.3 Moral properties and humans 2.4 Objectivity and subjectivity 2.5 Why be an IMRealist? 2.6