Metallic composites processed via extreme deformation: Toward the limits of strength in bulk materials
- PDF / 1,057,747 Bytes
- 10 Pages / 585 x 783 pts Page_size
- 108 Downloads / 169 Views
Introduction Metal matrix composites with high interface density are produced via severe plastic co-deformation of multiphase alloys.1–15 Corresponding compounds are first prepared by liquid or powder metallurgy3–12 or through restacking solids of different composition.2 Subsequent extreme straining, to promote intense microstructure refinement, proceeds by wire drawing, ball milling, accumulative roll bonding, damascene forging, equal channel angular extrusion, friction, or highpressure torsion.7 Corresponding material systems can be grouped according to a microstructural or chemical classification scheme: From a microstructural perspective, multiphase systems can be classified as either particle-like alloys after primary syn-
thesis or as lamellar or filament-type micro- or nanostructured materials. Often there is a transition between the two, for example, from a second phase with particulate initial shape into a deformation-induced lamellar and nanograined filament composite structure, such as in Cu-Nb, Cu-W, Cu-V, or Cu-Cr.2–20 In other cases, the architecture is not changed during deformation, as in the case of pearlite,1,21–28 where basic topological changes such as fiber curling occur only at very high strains. From a chemical perspective, these alloy systems can be classified as immiscible pure-metal–metal-matrix compounds, intermetallic–metal-matrix compounds, or carbide–metalmatrix composites. In pure metal–metal-matrix composites, we observe the formation of supersaturated solid solutions14
Dierk Raabe, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected] Pyuck-Pa Choi, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected] Yujiao Li, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected] Aleksander Kostka, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung in Düsseldorf, Germany; [email protected] Xavier Sauvage, Institut de Physique at the University of Rouen, France; [email protected] Florence Lecouturier, Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses at CNRS, Toulouse, France; [email protected] Kazuhiro Hono, National Institute for Materials Science in Sengen, Tsukuba, Japan; [email protected] Reiner Kirchheim, Materials Physics Institute at the University of Göttingen; [email protected] Reinhard Pippan, Erich Schmid Institute in Leoben, Austria; [email protected] David Embury, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; [email protected]
982
MRS BULLETIN • VOLUME 35 • DECEMBER 2010 • www.mrs.org/bulletin
METALLIC COMPOSITES PROCESSED VIA EXTREME DEFORMATION
Tensile Strength (MPa)
and sometimes small amorphous zones.19 In 4000 the case of composites consisting of intermetallics or carbides dispersed in a metallic Steel Cord Wire matrix, one can additionally observe phase 3750 (Tire Reinforcement) changes (from an ordered to a disordered phase or from crystalline to amorphous).27–32 3500 Mechanical alloying to non-equilibrium solid solutions and deformation-driven as well as solid-sol
Data Loading...
