Microbial Consortium Improved Growth and Performance of Teak ( Tectona grandis L.f.) in Nursery and Field Trials
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Microbial Consortium Improved Growth and Performance of Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) in Nursery and Field Trials H. B. Raghu1 • R. Ashwin1
•
J. E. Ravi1 • D. J. Bagyaraj1
Received: 19 June 2019 / Revised: 9 December 2019 / Accepted: 31 December 2019 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract The response of teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) to the selected microbial consortium (Ambispora leptoticha ? Azotobacter chroococcum ? Trichoderma harzianum) was evaluated through large-scale nursery trials at three locations in Mandya district of Karnataka state, India. At each location, there were 500 inoculated and 500 uninoculated seedlings, totaling to the maintenance of 3000 seedlings at three locations. The growth performance was evaluated 180 days after planting. The increase in plant dry weight of inoculated seedlings was 97% compared to uninoculated plants. The seedlings inoculated with the microbial consortium under large-scale nursery trials were planted in the wasteland at three locations, and their growth was evaluated for nearly 6 years. The biovolume index of inoculated plants was 289% more than uninoculated plants 73 months after out-planting. It can be concluded that the selected microbial consortium is the best for inoculating teak in forest nurseries. Keywords AM fungi PGPR Tectona grandis
Significance statement Selected microbial consortium significantly improved the growth of teak seedlings under large-scale nursery trials with 1500 seedlings and also when out-planted in the wasteland and monitored for 73 months. & D. J. Bagyaraj [email protected] 1
Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development (CNBRCD), # 41 RBI Colony, Anand Nagar, Bangalore 560024, India
Introduction Teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) is an important timber tree species grown in tropical and sub-tropical countries [1]. It is well known worldwide for its good-quality wood used for making furniture, panel work, railway carriages, etc. Forest nurserymen in the Mandya district of Karnataka raise thousands of seedlings in their nursery as the local government is encouraging forest nurserymen and farmers to raise teak seedlings so that it can be taken up in agroforestry and social forestry programmes to minimize the pressure on denudation of natural forest and manmade plantations to meet the demand for timber. The total forest area in Mandya district is 24,765 ha. The forest nurserymen and farmers have observed poor growth of seedlings in the nursery and the establishment of seedlings when planted in the field. One of the reasons for this could be the lack of efficient beneficial soil microorganisms and the need for inoculating seedlings with suitable microorganisms. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are a unique group of soil fungi forming a symbiotic association with higher plants facilitating uptake of diffusion-limited plant nutrients such as P, Zn, and Cu [2]. These fungi also protect the plants against biotic and abiotic stresses [3–5]. These fungi although not host-specific exhibit h
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