Microbiological quality and safety of commercialized thalassotherapy products based on marine mud and algae extracts in
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Microbiological quality and safety of commercialized thalassotherapy products based on marine mud and algae extracts in Tunisia Amel Guesmi1,2 · Mohamed Boumaiza1,3 · Abdelatif Boudabous1 Received: 11 April 2020 / Revised: 2 June 2020 / Accepted: 15 June 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A total of 15 samples of thalassotherapy products, distributed in Tunisia in their intact and final state of production, was analyzed to determine their microbiological safety status. The result shows the absence of pathogenic bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Salmonella, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and coliforms). The incidence of contamination by Grampositive Bacilli (mesophelic bacteria, aerobic and anaerobic spore forming bacteria, anaerobic sulphite-reducing bacteria) was found to be higher in products composed by mud and extract of alga. The biochemical and molecular identification of the major contaminant show that Bacilli were the most covered from 75% of the thalassotherapy products. Mineral analysis (organic matter, Fe, Mg, Ca, Na d K, Al, Si and Ti) shows strong composition on Aluminum and Silica. Cytotoxicity study of six thalassotherapy products and three essential oil extracts (Menthol, Clove and Eucalyptus) did not show any cytotoxic effect. Furthermore, antibacterial acitivity of 5 essentila oils, against 30 isolates of the genus Bacillus and 10 reference strains, has been characterized showing an interesting bactericidal potential of the extract of menthol and Eucalyptus. Keywords Thalassotherapy products · Microbiological quality · Biochemical characterization · ARDRA · Essential oils · Antibacterial activity
Introduction Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Amel Guesmi and Mohamed Boumaiza contributed equally to this article. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-020-01957-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Amel Guesmi [email protected] * Mohamed Boumaiza [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Microorganisms and Active Biomolecules, MBA‑LR03ES03, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
2
LR Biotechnology and Bio‑Geo Resources Valorization (LR11ES31), Higher Institute for Biotechnology - University of Manouba, Biotechpole of Sidi Thabet, 2020 Ariana, Tunisia
3
Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Vaccinology and Biotechnology Development, Group of Biotechnology Development, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur. BP. 74, 1002 Tunis, Tunisia
The relation between sea and health was perceived by Egyptians, Greeks and Romanians who invented the mud bath (Oumeish 2001; Lacroix and Aboyans 2005). Since 1869, the use of the beneficial aspects of the sea environment was named “thalassotherapy”, which is an association of two Greek words: “thalassa” sea and “therapie” care, a concrete definition was putted by the International Federation of Thalassotherapy in 1986. Currently, thal
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