Microstructural and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Tungsten Inert Gas-Welded 316 Stainless Steel and Pure Copper Jo
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TECHNICAL ARTICLE
Microstructural and Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Tungsten Inert Gas‑Welded 316 Stainless Steel and Pure Copper Joint Naveen Thomas1 · A. Mathew1 · Kurias George1 · Noble Thomas1 · Sherin Thampi1 · Akash Biradar2 · M. Rijesh3 Received: 22 May 2020 / Revised: 9 September 2020 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © ASM International 2020
Abstract Tungsten inert gas welding of 316 stainless steel and 99.9% pure copper using nickel as filler metal was performed. The optimized process parameters adapted for the welding process are described. The microstructural studies revealed a complex heterogeneous fusion zone microstructures characterized both by rapid cooling and poor mixing of the materials which contain main elements which are mutually insoluble. Also, the welded specimen did not expose any defects such as porosity and cracks; however, some copper diffusion through the grain boundaries of steel was observed at the steel and fusion zone interface. The microhardness shows homogeneous values at the weld root and a higher hardness with more inhomogeneity at the weld face. The tensile strength of the weld sample was measured to be 143.7 MPa. Keywords TIG welding · Copper · 316 stainless steel · Dissimilar joint · SEM
Introduction The consolidation of the diversified properties of dissimilar materials has significant dominance over the performancebased materials in modern industrial sectors. Welding of dissimilar metals pursues various advantages for combining and obtaining the constructive properties of two different metals or alloys. As being capable of obtaining material with multiple metallurgical and mechanical properties, the dissimilar metal joining processes have acquired considerable attention during the recent years [1, 2]. However, the various researches in this field reveal that the welding of dissimilar metals is challenging. This is mainly associated with the mutual solubility among the material to be welded [3]. Moreover, during fusion welding, the filler metal used should be soluble in each of the base metal to be welded.
* M. Rijesh [email protected] Akash Biradar [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering, Kanjirappally, India
2
School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
3
Manufacturing Engineering, VIT Vellore, Vellore, India
The thermal expansion coefficients of base metal need to be compatible to avoid thermal fatigue. Hence, it is challenging to join the metal and alloys with diverse melting points and thermal conductivities [4, 5]. Despite of this, many joining processes were developed, such as electron beam welding (EBW) [6], Magnetic pulse welding (MPW) [7], laser beam welding (LBM) [8], diffusion bonding, explosive cladding (EC) [9], friction welding (FW) [10], roll bonding (RB) [11], tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Stainless steel is a very important engineering material with essential structural need. Combining stainless steel with
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