miRNA Regulation of T Cells in Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes
- PDF / 713,333 Bytes
- 12 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 8 Downloads / 212 Views
PATHOGENESIS OF TYPE 1 DIABETES (A PUGLIESE AND S RICHARDSON, SECTION EDITORS)
miRNA Regulation of T Cells in Islet Autoimmunity and Type 1 Diabetes Martin G. Scherm 1,2 & Carolin Daniel 1,2,3
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical contributors to immune homeostasis and their dysregulation can lead to the loss of immune tolerance and autoimmune diseases like type 1 diabetes (T1D). Recent studies have highlighted microRNAs (miRNAs) as important regulators of the immune system, by fine-tuning relevant genes in various immune cell types. In this review article, we discuss recent insights into miRNA regulation of immune tolerance and activation. Specifically, we discuss how the dysregulation of miRNAs in T cells contributes to their aberrant function and the onset of islet autoimmunity, as well as their potential as targets of novel intervention strategies to interfere with autoimmune activation. Recent Findings Several studies have shown that the dysregulation of individual miRNAs in T cells can contribute to impaired immune tolerance, contributing to onset and progression of islet autoimmunity. Importantly, the targeting of these miRNAs, including miR-92a, miR-142-3p and miR-181a, resulted in relevant effects on downstream pathways, improved Treg function and reduced islet autoimmunity in murine models. Summary miRNAs are critical regulators of immune homeostasis and the dysregulation of individual miRNAs in T cells contributes to aberrant T cell function and autoimmunity. The specific targeting of individual miRNAs could improve Treg homeostasis and therefore limit overshooting T cell activation and islet autoimmunity. Keywords Immune regulation . Islet autoimmunity . Type 1 diabetes . Regulatory T cell . miRNA . Biomarker
Introduction Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease. Its high prevalence early in life and increasing incidence This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes * Carolin Daniel [email protected] Martin G. Scherm [email protected] 1
Institute of Diabetes Research, Group Immune Tolerance in Type 1 Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Heidemannstrasse 1, 80939 Munich, Germany
2
Deutsches Zentrum für Diabetesforschung (DZD), Ingolstaedter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Munich-, Neuherberg, Germany
3
Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80337 Munich, Germany
worldwide make it a considerable burden for the healthcare systems. The disease is characterized by the T cell-mediated destruction of the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas, leading to impaired insulin secretion, hyperglycemia, and increased risk of both acute and chronic complications associated with significant morbidity and mortality [1]. FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key players for the maintenance of immune homeostasis. Impaired Treg induction, stability and function are critically involved i
Data Loading...
