Modeling, Design and Control of a Solar Array Simulator Based on Two-Stage Converters
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Modeling, Design and Control of a Solar Array Simulator Based on Two-Stage Converters Allan Fagner Cupertino1,3
· Heverton Augusto Pereira2 · Victor Flores Mendes3
Received: 20 February 2017 / Revised: 23 May 2017 / Accepted: 17 July 2017 © Brazilian Society for Automatics–SBA 2017
Abstract Power inverters for photovoltaic (PV) applications must be tested according to standards in order to be certified and commercialized. A common practice to test PV inverters is the utilization of solar array simulators (SAS). This paper presents a SAS topology based on a double-stage structure: The first stage is based on a three-phase PWM rectifier, and the second stage is based on a bidirectional buck converter. This structure is responsible to emulate the photovoltaic array behavior. A methodology to design the SAS components and control system parameters is presented. This methodology considers a range of operation points of the SAS. Additionally, it is verified that the dc-link capacitance of the inverter under test can affect the SAS dynamic behavior and its output current ripple. The results are divided into two parts: resistive loads and commercial inverters. Firstly, the SAS steady-state operation following the solar array I–V curve is demonstrated through simulation and experimental results, using resistive loads. In the second part, two commercial inverters with different nominal power and dclink capacitance are considered. Using the proposed design
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Allan Fagner Cupertino [email protected] Heverton Augusto Pereira [email protected] Victor Flores Mendes [email protected]
1
Department of Materials Engineering, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 30421-169, Brazil
2
Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil
3
Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
methodology, the SAS topology operates correctly and the maximum power point tracker of the inverter under test is not affected if its input capacitance is within the design limits. Keywords Solar array simulator · Certification of photovoltaic inverters · Dc/dc converter control
1 Introduction Grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems have grown considerably in recent years. The fundamental element of grid-connected PV system is the inverter, which injects the generated power into the electrical grid. Power inverters for PV applications must be tested and certified according to the present standards, before being commercialized (CaminoVillacorta et al. 2012). Nowadays, the test and certification of inverters for photovoltaic applications are based on international standards. The use of photovoltaic arrays in the test is a methodology few flexible, since the weather conditions are not controlled and the array needs to be reconfigured in order to test inverters with different rated power. In view of this problem, IEC 61683 suggests the use of a device known as solar array
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