Modeling of Zero Injection Buses Based to Optimal Placement of PMUs for Full Observability of Power Systems
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modeling of Zero Injection Buses Based to Optimal Placement of PMUs for Full Observability of Power Systems Seyed Mehdi Mirkazemi Niyaragh1 · Aref Jalili Irani1 · Hossein Shayeghi1,2 Received: 8 April 2019 / Revised: 20 January 2020 / Accepted: 8 September 2020 © The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2020
Abstract In this research, Zero Injection Buses (ZIBs) were modeled to minimize the number of Phasor Measurements Units (PMUs) and ensure the full observability of power systems. To determine the operation of the proposed method, all ZIBs that are connected to each other and other buses were presented in models H, M, and D, each of which featured new observability constraints. The H set, is defined as the set of buses that are connected to a ZIB. Also, the M set is defined as the H set that is connected through ZIBs. The D set is defined as the M set that is connected through ZIBs to a common bus. To increase the assurance of complete power system observability in the method put forward in this work, conditions such as line outage, single PMU loss, and line or PMU exit were examined. To demonstrate the efficiency of the approach, it was applied to 14, 30, 39, 57 and 118 IEEE test systems. The simulation results showed that the developed topologies enhanced network observability under a minimum number of PMUs. Keywords Integer linear programming · Optimal placement · PMU placement · Zero injection buses
1 Introduction Nowadays, the reliable and secure operation of power systems necessitates supervisory control, and the data acquisition for such power networks are typically coursed through wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) [1]. A WAMS is based on synchronized phasor measurements that are provided by phasor measurement units, which also measure bus voltage and the current released by the connected lines of a bus. These voltage and current measurements are completed in a few milliseconds at a high rate of sampling and accuracy. The voltage of adjacent buses is calculated on the basis of measured data, thus ensuring the full observability of a power system [2]. Therefore, the installation of PMUs in all buses does not depend on full observability. These issues indicate that the OPP for the full observability of power networks, the minimization of the number of PMUs
* Aref Jalili Irani [email protected] 1
Department of Power Electrical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ardabil Branch, Ardabil, Iran
Faculty of Technology, Electrical Engineering Departement, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
2
for installation, and the reduction of associated costs is one of the main goals in power systems. Many studies have recently been conducted to explore the OPP under different placement conditions. For example, researchers have looked into the reliability-based placement of PMUs in power systems [3], computing sensitivities from synchrophasor data for voltage stability monitoring and visualization [4], the use of PMUs to statistically analyze and forecast damping in a Nor
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