Modeling Strategies for the Computational Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Structures: Review and Classification
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Modeling Strategies for the Computational Analysis of Unreinforced Masonry Structures: Review and Classification Antonio Maria D’Altri1 · Vasilis Sarhosis2 · Gabriele Milani3 · Jan Rots4 · Serena Cattari5 · Sergio Lagomarsino5 · Elio Sacco6 · Antonio Tralli7 · Giovanni Castellazzi1 · Stefano de Miranda1 Received: 7 February 2019 / Accepted: 24 June 2019 © CIMNE, Barcelona, Spain 2019
Abstract Masonry structures, although classically suitable to withstand gravitational loads, are sensibly vulnerable if subjected to extraordinary actions such as earthquakes, exhibiting cracks even for events of moderate intensity compared to other structural typologies like as reinforced concrete or steel buildings. In the last half-century, the scientific community devoted a consistent effort to the computational analysis of masonry structures in order to develop tools for the prediction (and the assessment) of their structural behavior. Given the complexity of the mechanics of masonry, different approaches and scales of representation of the mechanical behavior of masonry, as well as different strategies of analysis, have been proposed. In this paper, a comprehensive review of the existing modeling strategies for masonry structures, as well as a novel classification of these strategies are presented. Although a fully coherent collocation of all the modeling approaches is substantially impossible due to the peculiar features of each solution proposed, this classification attempts to make some order on the wide scientific production on this field. The modeling strategies are herein classified into four main categories: block-based models, continuum models, geometry-based models, and macroelement models. Each category is comprehensively reviewed. The future challenges of computational analysis of masonry structures are also discussed.
1 Introduction Masonry structures represent a large part of the existing constructions in the world. A great part of the historic architectural heritage consists of monumental masonry structures * Antonio Maria D’Altri [email protected] 1
Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental, and Materials Engineering (DICAM), University of Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 2, 40136 Bologna, Italy
2
School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
3
Department of Architecture, Built Environment and Construction Engineering (A.B.C.), Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milan, Italy
4
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
5
Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering (DICCA), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
6
Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
7
Engineering Department, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy
(buildings, towers, castles, churches, mosques, temples, etc.). Furthermore, ordinary residential buildings are typically made of masonry in several countries. As i
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