Modulation of reproductive dysfunctions associated with streptozocin-induced diabetes by Artemisia judaica extract in ra
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Modulation of reproductive dysfunctions associated with streptozocin-induced diabetes by Artemisia judaica extract in rats fed a high-fat diet Gadah Albasher1 Received: 6 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract We investigated the palliative effect of Artemisia judaica extract (AjE) on testicular deterioration induced by DM in high-fat diet/streptozocin (HFD/STZ)-injected rats. Forty rats were allocated to the following five groups: control, AjE, HFD/STZ, HFD/STZ-AjE, and HFD/STZ-metformin. HFD/STZ-diabetic rats showed a marked decrease in testicular weight and male sex hormones. There was significant suppression of testicular antioxidant enzymes and glutathione content in HFD/STZdiabetic rats. However, rats that had received the STZ injection and the high-fat diet displayed increased malondialdehyde content and nitric oxide levels as well as tumour necrosis factor-alpha. High levels of Bax and low levels of Bcl-2 were detected after the STZ injection. Obvious pathological alterations were found in the testicular tissue of the HFD/STZ-diabetic rats. Thus, the administration of AjE attenuated the biochemical, molecular, and histopathological changes in the testes of the diabetic rats. The obtained findings showed that AjE treatment attenuated the diabetes-induced reprotoxicity in male rats via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic properties. Keywords Diabetes · High-fat diet · Artemisia judaica · Apoptosis · Testes · Oxidative stress
Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, lifelong illness with growing incidence globally and is characterized by inadequate insulin secretion [1]. The International Diabetes Federation expects that the number of diabetic patients will be more than 600 million by 2045, representing approximately 10% of the world’s population [2, 3]. DM is more prevalent among men and the majority of patients are diagnosed before 30 years of age [4]. Previous studies have shown that male reproductive functions were negatively affected by DM and the frequency of male infertility in diabetic patients exceeded healthy persons by 5–10 times [5]. Diabetic reproductive disorders include degenerative modifies in the testes, disturbed glucose homeostasis in Sertoli cells, and suppressed androgen biosynthesis and secretion [6, 7]. Further, DM is accompanied * Gadah Albasher [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
by erectile dysfunction, low semen quality, and decreased sexual desire [8]. The male reproductive dysfunctions experienced in the diabetic condition might be mediated by the disturbance of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis as well as the free radicals over-generation and oxidative stress initiation [6, 9, 10]. The oxidative damage associated with DM is induced by the destruction of mitochondrial electron transfer, the enhancement of polyol pathways, and the formation of nonenzymatic glycated products [11]. The existence o
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