Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID-19
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INVITED REVIEW
Molecular mechanisms involved in the positive effects of physical activity on coping with COVID‑19 Ersilia Nigro1,2 · Rita Polito1,2 · Andreina Alfieri2,3 · Annamaria Mancini2,3 · Esther Imperlini4 · Ausilia Elce5 · Peter Krustrup6,7,8 · Stefania Orrù2,3 · Pasqualina Buono2,3 · Aurora Daniele1,2,9 Received: 21 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Purpose Physical activity (PA) represents the first line of defence against diseases characterised by increased inflammation status, such as metabolic and infectious diseases. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle—associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorders—negatively impacts on general health status, including susceptibility to infections. At a time of a pandemic SARS-CoV2 infection, and in the context of the multiorgan crosstalk (widely accepted as a mechanism participating in the pathophysiology of all organs and systems), we examine the complex interplay mediated by skeletal muscle contraction involving the immune system and how this contributes to control health status and to counteract viral infections. In so doing, we review the molecular mechanisms and expression of molecules modulated by PA, able to provide the proper molecular equipment against viral infections such as the current SARS-CoV2. Methods A critical review of the literature was performed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and mediators induced by PA that potentially impact on viral infections such as SARS-CoV2. Results We showed the effects mediated by regular moderate PA on viral adverse effects through the regulation of biological processes involving the crosstalk between skeletal muscle, the immune system and adipose tissue. Evidence was provided of the effects mediated by modulation of the expression of inflammation markers. Conclusion A tigth association between PA and reduction in inflammation status allows effective counteracting of SARSCoV2 infection. It is therefore essential to persuade people to keep active. Keywords Physical activity · Inflammation · Cytokines · COVID-19 · Healthy lifestyle · Metabolic disorders · Immune system Abbreviations ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 AMPK 5′ Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase Communicated by Michael Lindinger. 4
IRCCS SDN, Via E. Gianturco, 80143 Naples, Italy
5
Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche, Università Telematica Pegaso, Naples, Italy
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Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali Biologiche e Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Via A. Vivaldi, 81100 Caserta, Italy
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
7
Shanghai University of Sport (SUS), Shanghai, China
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2
CEINGE-Biotecnologie Avanzate Scarl, Via Gaetano Salvatore, 486, 80145 Naples, Italy
Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
9
3
Dipartimento di Scienze Motorie e del Benessere (DISMeB), Università degli Studi
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