Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release
Within the complex neuronal network of the nervous system, neuron-to-neuron communication occurs mainly through chemical synapses, where the presynaptic nerve terminal releases neurotransmitters that control the function of postsynaptic neurons
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotransmitter Release Zhao-Wen Wang Department of Neuroscience, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA Editor
Editor: Zhao-Wen Wang, Ph.D. Department of Neuroscience University of Connecticut Health Center 263 Farmington Avenue Farmington, CT USA [email protected]
ISBN: 978-1-934115-38-1
e-ISBN: 978-1-59745-481-0
DOI:10.1007/978-1-59745-481-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008925596 © 2008 Humana Press, a part of Springer Science + Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher, except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover caption: Diagram illustrating two modes of synaptic vesicle exocytosis: full-collapse fusion and kiss-and-run. In full-collapse fusion, neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles through the sequential steps of docking, priming, and fusion. Protein and lipid components of synaptic vesicles are then retrieved through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The endocytosed vesicle may become part of an endosome, from which new synaptic vesicles are generated. In kiss-and-run, neurotransmitters are released through a transient fusion pore formed between the vesicle membrane and the plasma membrane. Drawing by Kaijie J. Wang. Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Preface
Neurons in the nervous system organize into complex networks and their functions are precisely controlled. The most important means for neurons to communicate with each other is transmission through chemical synapses, where the release of neurotransmitters by the presynaptic nerve terminal of one neuron influences the function of a second neuron. Since the discovery of chemical neurotransmission by Otto Loewi in the 1920s, great progress has been made in our understanding of molecular mechanisms of neurotransmitter release. The last decade has seen an explosion of knowledge in this field. The aim of Molecular M
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