Morality, Decision and Social Organization Toward a Logic of Ethics
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VIENNA CIRCLE COLLECTION
Editorial Committee HENK
L.
MULDER,
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Boston University, Boston, Mass., U.S.A.
ROBERT S. COHEN,
BRIAN McGUINNESS,
The Queen's College, Oxford, England
Editorial Advisory Board ALFRED J. AYER,
Y.
BAR-HILLEL,
ALBERT E. BLUMBERG,
The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J., U.S.A.
HASKELL B. CURRY, HERBERT FEIGL,
New College, Oxford, England
Pennsylvania State University, Pa., U.S.A.
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn., U.S.A.
ERWIN N. HIEBERT,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.
JAAKKO HINTIKKA,
Academy of Finland, Helsinki, Finland
VIKTOR KRAFT, KARL MENGER,
Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.
GABRIEL NUCHELMANS, J. F. STAAL,
Vienna, Austria
University of Leyden, Leyden, The Netherlands
University of California, Berkeley, Calif., U.S.A.
VOLUME
6
EDITOR: HENK L. MULDER
KARL MENGER
MORALITY, DECISION AND SOCIAL ORGANIZATION Toward a Logic of Ethics
D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND
I BOSTON-U.S.A.
MORAL, WILLE UND WELTGESTALTUNG. GRUNDLEGUNG ZUR LOGIK DER SITTEN
First published by Julius Springer, Vienna, 1934 This edition is based on a translation by Eric van der Schalie
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74-81941
ISBN-I3: 978-90-277-0319-4 DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-2107-4
e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-010-2107-4
Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Published in the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. 306 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Mass. 02116, U.S.A.
All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1974 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht, Holland Softcover reprint of the hradcover 1st edition 1974 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. COMMON TRAITS OF THE CLASSICAL SYSTEMS OF ETHICS: AN INTRODUCTORY LETTER ABOUT WHAT WILL NOT BE SAID
1
CHAPTER II. FIVE EPISTEMOLOGICAL NOTES ABOUT
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
GOOD AND EVIL
4
The The The The The
4 8
Development of a Person's Sense of Morality Ideals Logical Role of the Ideals Essence of the Good. The Meaningless Development of the Epistemology of Morality
13 18 21
CHAPTER III. THE ETHICS OF DECISIONS: A DIALOG ON DEMYSTIFIED ETHICS
1. Whether investigations according to the principles suggested in the preceding notes belong to ethics at all 2. Whether there do not exist still other ethical questions 3. Whether ethics is analogous to geometry 4. Whether systems of norms might not be combined by logical operations 5. Whether decisions are the only basis for morality 6. Whether rational foundations for decisions are possible 7. What role faith plays in morality 8. What demystified ethics might be able to achieve... 9. . .. except for a logic of norms 10. .,. and except for a logic of desires
22 22 24 26 29 31 31 34 35 36 36
CONTENTS
VI
CHAPTER IV. FIVE LOGICO-MATHEMATICAL NOTES ON VOLUNT
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