Morphological and Biochemical Properties, Leaf Nutrient Content, and Vase Life of Tuberose ( Polianthes tuberosa L.) Aff
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Morphological and Biochemical Properties, Leaf Nutrient Content, and Vase Life of Tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) Affected by Root or Foliar Applications of Silicon (Si) and Silicon Nanoparticles (SiNPs) Narmin Karimian1 · Farzad Nazari1 · Saadi Samadi2 Received: 7 March 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although the presence of silicon (Si) as a phyto-beneficial element is not essential in the nutrition of ornamental plants, its application may have many advantageous effects. Therefore, the present research was conducted to investigate the effects of Si and synthesized silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) on the morphological and biochemical properties, leaf nutrient content, and −1 via root or foliar vase life of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.). Si and SiNPs were applied at 200 mg L −1 and 400 mg L application under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that the application of two silicon sources by foliar or root, with increasing leaf phosphorus and Si contents, substantially enhanced total soluble carbohydrate and protein. Morphological parameters, including leaf fresh weight, root volume, root and bulblet dry weight, flowering stem length, flowering-stem dry weight, and floret number were improved. The flower vase life in treated plants was longer than non-treated ones and ranged from 32% for 200 mg L −1 SiNPs by root application to 60% for 200 mg L−1 Si and 400 mg L −1 SiNPs by foliar. In most of the evaluated parameters, SiNPs had a relative superiority to Si, particularly when sprayed. A heat-map analysis of traits also revealed that the concentration of conventional Si has great prominence than its application method. In contrast, the method of applying SiNPs is more critical than its concentration. It is concluded that foliar application of SiNPs at 400 mg L −1 can be recommend for improving the growth and flowering of tuberose plants, although the root application of Si at 200 mg L −1 also had relatively acceptable results. Keywords Bulbous plants · Nanoparticle · Silicon · Total soluble carbohydrate · Vase life Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance DW Dry weight Handling editor: Durgesh Kumar Tripathi Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-020-10272-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
FW Fresh weight POD Peroxidase ROS Reactive oxygen species Si Silicon SiNPs Silicon nanoparticles SOD Superoxide dismutase TSC Total soluble carbohydrate TSP Total soluble protein
* Farzad Nazari [email protected]
Introduction
Narmin Karimian [email protected]
Silicon (Si) as an element comprises 29% of the Earth’s crust and, after oxygen, is the second-most abundant element therein. This element is taken up by plants in the form of orthosilicic acid (H4SiO4) and monosilicic acid [Si(OH) 4] (Ma and Yamaji, 2006), then translocated to the shoot by intermediation different Si transporter genes, i.e., LS
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