Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Yakut Horse Breeds
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HUSBANDRY
Morphological and Genetic Characteristics of Yakut Horse Breeds N. P. Filippovaa, N. P. Stepanovb, V. V. Dodokhovc, A. M. Gadgievd, and N. S. Marzanove, * a
Yakut Science Center for Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), 677008 Russia b SakhaAgroPlem, State Budgetary Institution, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), 677001 Russia c Yakut State Agricultural Academy, Yakutsk, Sakha Republic (Yakutia), 677007 Russia dVIM Federal Agro Engineering Science Center, Moscow, 109428 Russia e Ernst VIZh Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry, Dubrovitsy, Moscow oblast, 142132 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received March 23, 2020; revised April 23, 2020; accepted April 25, 2020
Abstract—Farming horses of indigenous breeds adapted to extreme natural environments is the only effective way to use the vast areas of lands unsuitable for farming animals of the other species. Horse farming is a traditional industry in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia) that remains a substantial potential for meat production improvement. Under extreme environmental conditions, genetic variations caused by mutations and evolution tend to occur within the horse populations and breeds. Genetic testing can provide opportunities to monitor the ongoing processes within both the populations and the breeds, contributing to the subsequent selective breeding practice among the stud-farm horses in Yakutia. Analyses of 15 polymorphic microsatllite loci revealed the genetic breed-specific profiles for the Yakut, Megezhek, and Prilensk horse breeds. The alleles identified in the Megezhek horses were not found in the animals of the other two breeds. Allele LEX3G at locus LEX3 was recorded in the Yakut and Megezhek horses, which could be previously found only in the Arabian horses. The AHT4F allele previously found only in the Akhal-Teke horses was identified in the Megezhek horses. The effective number of alleles per microsatellite locus was larger in the Megezhek horses, with a mean of 4.327 ± 0.37. The actual heterozygosity values for the horses of all the breeds were almost the same, ranging from 0.636 to 0.651. The coefficient of genetic similarity at a microsatellite locus was highest (0.872) in the Megezhek and Yakut breeds. Thus, the coefficients of genetic similarities between both the Prilensk and Megezhek breeds and the Prilensk and Yakut breeds comprised 0.831 and 0.780, respectively. Keywords: Yakut horse breed, Prilensk horse breed, Megezhek horse breed, DNA, polymorphism, microsatellites, polymorphic proteins, genetic diversity, genetic distance DOI: 10.3103/S1068367420050055
INTRODUCTION The history of civilization is closely associated with animal domestication. This process began 8000– 12000 years ago according to the estimates of scientists. Domesticated animals played a substantial role in the formation of human society. However, human beings also illustrated their real capacity to transform animal nature through centuries-long hard work, which resulted in the creation of 694 native horse breeds around the wo
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