Morphometric scaling of subsurface vent complexes: implications for a new classification scheme
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ORIGINAL
Morphometric scaling of subsurface vent complexes: implications for a new classification scheme Shambel B. Mituku 1
&
Kamaldeen Olakunle Omosanya 2
Received: 18 February 2020 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This paper provides a novel classification scheme for magma-induced subsurface vent complexes based on morphometric data and stacking patterns. The study area is the Naglfar Dome in the Vøring Basin where the interaction between magmatic intrusions and vent complexes is well known. Seismic interpretation, characterization and morphometric analyses of 35 vent complexes observed within the Palaeocene-Eocene strata were done from a high-quality, three-dimensional seismic reflection data. The vent complexes have dome-shaped, eye-shaped, fault-controlled and reactivated upper termini, and are linked to their root zones by columnar, downward-tapered and fault-related fluid conduits or pipes. Statistical analyses and cross plots of L-A and Dmax-Hmax allowed the discrimination of vents and pipes into their genetic types. A new classification scheme based on the morphometric sub-division and structures of subsurface vent complexes is introduced to include S-P-V, S-P-F, V-P-V and V-P-F types. These combinations freshly demonstrate the importance of morphometric data at deciphering the nature, timing, classification and activity of subsurface fluid vent complexes. Keywords Fluid . Vents . Pipes . Magmatic sills . Morphometry . Vøring Basin
Subsurface vent complexes The anatomy of most magma-induced subsurface vent complexes (SVCs) in seismic reflection data includes a root zone, a sub-vertical conduit and an upper terminus (Skogseid et al. 1992; Jamtveit et al. 2004; Planke et al. 2005; Hansen 2006; Svensen et al. 2006; Zhao et al. 2014). The root zone is usually linked to the vertical conduit where low-amplitude seismic reflections are common and is in turn connected to an upper part where fluidized materials have been expelled or accrued on a paleo-surface. Vent complexes can be purely hydrothermal or phreatomagmatic in nature (Planke et al. 1999; Mazzini et al. 2006; Bischoff et al. 2019). On many seismic reflection Shambel B. Mituku was formerly affiliated with the Department of Petroleum and Geoscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim * Shambel B. Mituku [email protected] 1
Department of Geology, School of Earth Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
2
Timelapsegeo, Stiklestadveien 1, 7041 Trondheim, Norway
data, the root zones generally have magmatic intrusions, which are frequently observed as high-amplitude, variably shaped and abruptly terminated reflections, i.e. magmatic sills (Planke et al. 2005). The sub-vertical conduits may manifest as pipe-like, downward-tapered, cone-shaped and faultcontrolled types while a vent terminus can be dome-, eyeand crater-shaped (Hansen 2006; Alvarenga et al. 2016). The overall geometry and external shapes of vent complexes and their morphometric de
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