Nepenthes maxima Reinw. ex Nees Nepenthaceae
Nepenthes boschiana auct. non Korth.; Nepenthes celebica Hook.f.; Nepenthes curtisii Mast.; Nepenthes curtisii var. superba Hort. Veitch ex Marshall; Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc.; Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macfarl.; Nepenthes maxima var.
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Synonyms Nepenthes boschiana auct. non Korth.; Nepenthes celebica Hook.f.; Nepenthes curtisii Mast.; Nepenthes curtisii var. superba Hort. Veitch ex Marshall; Nepenthes maxima var. lowii (Hook.f.) Becc.; Nepenthes maxima var. minor Macfarl.; Nepenthes maxima var. sumatrana (Miq.) Becc.; Nepenthes maxima var. superba (Hort. Veitch ex Marshall) Veitch.; Nepenthes oblanceolata Ridl.
Local Names Indonesia: kantung semar – buahun ahomi (Yali in Papua) – cere-cere (Sulawesi) – kobe-kobe (Papua) – tumpo balao (Luwu in Sulawesi). English: tropical pitcher plant (Hidayat and Munawaroh 2009; Hidayat and Napitupulu 2015; Miliken 2000; Wahyuni and Hidayat 2013).
Botany and Ecology Description: Climbing plants, either terrestrial or epiphytic, stem up to 4 m long, or even to 19 m long. The climbing stems terete to triangular, often winged. Plant indumentum variable, glabrous to variously hairy. Leaves rosette at the base of the stem, upward distinctly distant, internodes up to 12 cm long, lamina obovate to lanceolate, 15–35 cm 2.5–9 cm, base attenuate, apex acute to obtuse, petiole up to 7 cm long, at base sometimes the margin decurrent, forming wing at the stem, longitudinal nerves one to three on each side of the midrib, inconspicuous. The lower pitchers vary in shape, from wholly cylindrical or nearly so, to the ovoid base W. A. Mustaqim (*) Botany Division, Generasi Biologi Indonesia (Genbinesia) Foundation, Gresik, Indonesia © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 F. M. Franco (ed.), Ethnobotany of the Mountain Regions of Southeast Asia, Ethnobotany of Mountain Regions, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14116-5_206-1
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with the cylindrical upper part, up to 28 cm 8 cm, sometimes waisted, with two longitudinal fringed wings, wings to 19 mm wide, fringed elements to 6 mm long; mouth ovate and concave, peristome 2–5 mm wide, lid ovate, base cordate, apex rounded, lower surfaces with two appendages, one at the base, laterally flattened, another one apical, usually filiform or less often reduced to a swollen area, nectary glands along the midline orbicular, on the other parts longitudinally elliptic; spur filiform, up to 6 mm long. The upper pitchers also vary in shape, either infundibuliform as the most common shape, or tubular, or basally ovoid and cylindrical upward, up to 30 cm 8 cm, most often smaller, sometimes waisted, ribs prominent, less often winged near the mouth or wings similar to lower pitchers, peristome flattened, to 2 cm wide near the lid, lid ovate to elliptic, to 5 cm 6 cm, cordate at the base, apex obtuse, lower side with basal appendages laterally flattened and filiform or laterally flattened apical appendages, spur entire or bifid. Male inflorescence up to 40 cm 5 cm, most often shorter, partial peduncle usually two-flowered, but in Arfak, one plant can also have one-flowered partial peduncles (personal observation). Flowers dark red, with tepals elliptic, androphore present. Pitchers are creamy white, yellow, greenish-white, yellowish-green or green, brown, purple, or red, and with cr
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