Neuroprotective effects of vomifoliol, isolated from Tarenna obtusifolia Merr. (Rubiaceae), against amyloid- beta 1-42 -
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SHORT REPORTS
Neuroprotective effects of vomifoliol, isolated from Tarenna obtusifolia Merr. (Rubiaceae), against amyloid‑beta1‑42‑treated neuroblastoma SH‑SY5Y cells Mario A. Tan1,2,3 · Sebastian Jesus B. Gonzalez2 · Grecebio Jonathan D. Alejandro2,3 · Seong Soo A. An1 Received: 20 April 2020 / Accepted: 31 August 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Phytochemical investigation on the leaves of Tarenna obtusifolia Merr. (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation and identification of vomifoliol (1), p-coumaric acid (2), and stigmasterol (3) based on spectroscopic analyses and comparison with the literature data. Compound 1 moderately inhibited the aggregation of amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42) using the ThT assay (55.71% at 50 μM) and exhibited neuroprotective effects against amyloid-beta (Aβ1–42)-induced cytotoxicity in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells at 20 μM concentration. This is the first phytochemical study on T. obtusifolia and the first report on the Aβ aggregation activity and neuroprotective potential of vomifoliol (1). Keywords Amyloid-beta · Neuroprotective effects · Rubiaceae · Tarenna · Vomifoliol
Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder among the elderlies, which is characterized by memory loss, dementia, and steady deterioration of cognition (Bagyinzky et al. 2017). An estimate of 47 million elderlies worldwide are suffering from AD, and the figure may balloon to 131 million in 2050 (Emmerzaal et al. 2015). The pathogenesis of AD involves a complicated and an interconnected network of genetic and biochemical factors which have not been fully elucidated yet. The abnormal amyloidbeta deposition, tau protein aggregation, low levels of acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are some of the pathological characteristics associated with AD (Xia et al. 2019). There is no cure for AD yet, but strategic treatments in its early stage of detection prove to be beneficial.
* Mario A. Tan [email protected] 1
Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
2
College of Science, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
3
Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
Extensive studies on natural products are leading the way of extensive studies aimed at disclosing potential anti-AD drugs. These small molecules incorporates high structural chemical diversity. A good number of research focusing on natural products as therapeutic agents for AD have demonstrated that these small molecules favors neuroprotection against Aβ cytotoxicity and aggregation (Espargaro et al. 2017). Hence, the identification of plants as a possible source of pharmacologically relevant compounds against AD is warranted. Members of the genus Tarenna Gaertn. (Rubiaceae) are shrubs or trees occurring from low to high elevation and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, including Africa, Asia, and the Pacific islands (Naiki et al. 2017). There are about 200 species of
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