Neutrals influence on the water resistance coefficient of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by wood pyrolysis liquid pr
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Neutrals influence on the water resistance coefficient of phenol-formaldehyde resin modified by wood pyrolysis liquid products Sergey Zabelkin 1,2
&
Aygul Valeeva 1 & Almira Sabirzyanova 1 & Andrey Grachev 1,2
&
Vladimir Bashkirov 1
Received: 16 June 2020 / Revised: 10 September 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This article presents the results of the investigation of the properties of phenol-formaldehyde resin, obtained using the phenolreplacing fraction. A two-step method was developed for phenol-replacing fraction separation from liquid pyrolysis products with a yield up to 15%, and this fraction was used in the phenol-formaldehyde resin synthesis. Then, a work was conducted for the removal of neutrals from the modified phenol-formaldehyde resin with organic solvents, n-hexane and benzene. As a result, benzene was defined as a more efficient solvent because it removed more aromatics, like ethers and substituted phenols, that cannot react and worsen the glue line water resistance. Benzene dissolved 3.2% weight of the resin, and n-hexane dissolved 2.5% weight. The removal of neutrals increased the water resistance coefficient by more than 60%, so neutrals have a considerable effect on the resin properties. The results can be used for production of resin from renewable feedstock with the similar properties with the traditional resin. Keywords Phenol-formaldehyde resin . Resol resin . Wood pyrolysis . Pyrolysis liquid . Bio-oil . Phenol substitution . Biophenol . Water resistance coefficient
1 Introduction Resol phenol-formaldehyde resins (PFR) are widely used in the wood processing industry. They are a product of phenol and formaldehyde polycondensation in alkaline medium with an excess of formaldehyde and are primarily used in the production of plywood and wood-particle boards [1]. Phenol today is produced on a large scale from petroleum-derived feedstocks. Accounting for 95% of production is the cumene process which involves the partial oxidation of cumene (isopropylbenzene) via the Hock rearrangement [2]. Taking into account the increased phenol demand and depletion of fossil resources, phenol replacement by renewable feedstock is becoming a topical issue [3].
* Sergey Zabelkin [email protected] 1
Kazan National Research Technological University, 68 Marks str, Kazan, Russia
2
EnergoLesProm LLC, 1/47 Nigmatullin str., of. 116, Kazan, Russia
About 25–40% of wood wastes are produced during wood processing, and these wastes sometimes do not find useful applications. One method for processing such a feedstock is fast ablative pyrolysis. While it is related to the traditional pyrolysis processes used for making charcoal, fast pyrolysis is a more advanced process that can be carefully controlled to give high yields of liquid [4]. Liquid products (pyrolysis liquid, bio-oil), with a yield of up to 70%, are produced in this process [5]. Fast pyrolysis is a thermal decomposition process without oxygen access in a tempera
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