New Age of Crisis Management with Social Media
Social Media (SM) Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is gradually being used for representing the real-time situation during emergency. This chapter presents the SM-VGI review as a new age contribution to emergency management. The study analyses a s
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Abstract Social Media (SM) Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) is gradually being used for representing the real-time situation during emergency. This chapter presents the SM-VGI review as a new age contribution to emergency management. The study analyses a series of emergencies during the so-called coup attempt within the boundary of Istanbul on the 15th of July 2016 in terms of spatial clusters in time and textual frequencies within 24 h. The aim of the study is to gain an understanding of the usefulness of geo-referenced Social Media Data (SMD) in monitoring emergencies. Inferences exhibit that SM-VGI can rapidly provide the information in the spatiotemporal context with the proper validations, in this way it has advantages to use during emergencies. In addition, even though geo-referenced data embody the small percent of the total volume of the SMD, it would specify reliable spatial clusters for the events, monitoring with optimized-hot-spot analysis and with the word frequencies of its attributes. Keywords Social media · Volunteered geographic information · Disaster management · Spatial data mining · Text mining
1 Introduction A disaster is defined as an emergency condition, which turns into serious casualties when it exceeds the capacity of available resources to manage it. All activities within this management are to avoid the loss of life and money [1]. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies declare a disaster is “a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the A. G. Gulnerman (B) · H. Karaman Department of Geomatics Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469 Istanbul, Turkey e-mail: [email protected] A. Basiri Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis, University College London, London WC16BT, UK © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 A. Mobasheri (ed.), Open Source Geospatial Science for Urban Studies, Lecture Notes in Intelligent Transportation and Infrastructure, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58232-6_8
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community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources” [2]. The Emergency Event Database (EM-DAT) which was launched by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters (CRED) and initially supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Belgian Government [3]. That global disaster event database indexed disasters by conforming at least one the following criteria; 10 or more people dead, 100 or more people affected, The declaration of a state of emergency, call for international assistance [4]. Alexander [5] classified the natural disasters with respect to many aspects like duration of impact, length of forecasting, frequency or type of occurrence etc. EMDAT classifies disaster under two main branches as “natural” and “technological” [6]. While EM-DAT has no subcategory for a
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