Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots conjugated isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 particles based luminescent probe f
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots conjugated isoreticular metal-organic framework-3 particles based luminescent probe for selective sensing of trinitrotoluene explosive S. Devi 1 & S. Shaswat 2 & V. Kumar 3 & A. Sachdev 1 & P. Gopinath 3 & S. Tyagi 1,4 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 18 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Amine group–containing isoreticular metal–organic framework (IRMOF-3) particles are utilized for the first time as a trinitrotoluene (TNT) sensing material. IRMOF-3 particles are synthesized using zinc nitrate as a metal precursor and 2-amino-1,4benzenedicarboxylic acid as a linker. The nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) are synthesized from citric acid and ethylenediamine as carbon and nitrogen precursor, respectively. The NCQDs are conjugated with IRMOF-3 particles as IRMOF3/NCQDs. The TEM micrograph revealed the average size of IRMOF-3 particles to be 363.66 nm. The photoluminescence emission intensity of IRMOF-3 particles at λem 430 nm is highly increased in the presence of NCQDs (λex 330 nm). Both the assynthesized IRMOF-3 and IRMOF-3/NCQD particles are explored for TNT detection to compare the effect of NCQDs on the IRMOF-3 particle surface. Lower limit of detection (7.5 × 10−8 M) and higher Stern–Volmer constant (4.46 × 106 M−1) are achieved by IRMOF-3/NCQD particles. The association constant also increased from 5.3 × 104 to 2.78 × 106 M−1 after the conjugation of IRMOF-3 particles with NCQDs. Moreover, enhanced selectivity for TNT over trinitrophenol is achieved using the IRMOF-3/NCQD particles. Keywords Isoreticular metal–organic framework . NCQDs . TNT . PL quenching
Introduction The trace detection of explosive compounds, mainly the trinitrotoluene (TNT), with high sensitivity and selectivity is highly obliged for public security and environmental safety [1]. Among the presently available various sensing strategies, the fluorescence quenching–based methods emerged as a portable and handheld method offering the high selectivity and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04496-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * S. Tyagi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
CSIR- Central Scientific Instruments Organization, Chandigarh 160030, India
2
Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
3
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
4
Analytical Techniques Division, CSIR-CSIO, Chandigarh 160030, India
sensitivity [2], although different nanomaterials such as metallic nanoparticles [3–5], quantum dots (QDs) [6, 7], and conjugated polymers [8–11] have been explored for the nitroexplosive sensing in the aqueous phase. But these probes possess various limitations such as poor stability at ambient conditions, polydispersity, photobleaching, and high interference with the TNT analogs. Consequently, a proficient, simple, and economical augmentation of robus
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