Nonclassical states and total noise in five-wave interaction process
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Nonclassical states and total noise in five-wave interaction process Samiran Kumar1,2 • Dilip Kumar Giri3
Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 16 September 2020 Ó The Optical Society of India 2020
Abstract We investigated theoretically the squeezing, sub-Poissonian, and total noise of a quantum state in spontaneous and stimulated five-wave interaction process under short-time approximation. It has been found that the squeezing occurs in field amplitude, amplitude-squared in the fundamental mode in the process. It is shown that higher-order squeezing allows a much larger fractional noise reduction than lower-order squeezing. We observed that the squeezed states are associated with a large number of photons. It is shown that squeezing is greater in the stimulated interaction than the corresponding squeezing in the spontaneous interaction. The photon statistics of the fundamental mode in the process is investigated and found to be sub-Poissonian in nature. The effect of the subPoissonian nature of an optical field in terms of total noise is also incorporated. We showed that the depth of nonclassicality directly depends on the amount of total noise present in the system. This suggests that the more squeezed the state is, the greater is its total noise in the system. It is found that a higher multi-photon absorption process is suitable for the generation of optimum squeezed light.
& Dilip Kumar Giri [email protected] Samiran Kumar [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, Mahishadal Raj College, Mahishadal, West Bengal, India
2
University Department of Physics, Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag, India
3
University Department of Physics, Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad, India
Keywords Multi-photon process Squeezing Subpoissonian Photon number Total noise
Introduction The idea of squeezing of the electromagnetic field was introduced by Hollenhorst [1] and Caves [2]. After that, D. F. Walls [3] has given a detailed review of squeezed states of light including the generation and detection of squeezed states as well as proposed potential applications. The concept of squeezing [4–10] in the quantized electromagnetic field has gained a great deal of importance in view of the possibility of reducing the noise of an optical signal below the shot-noise limit. R. E. Slusher et al. [11] have generated squeezed states of the electromagnetic field by non-degenerate four-wave mixing process and have measured with a balanced homodyne detector. Ling-Au Wu et al. [12] have generated squeezed states of light by parametric down-conversion in an optical cavity. Garraway et al. [13] have presented a simple scheme that allows the generation and detection of nonclassical states of the electromagnetic field with controllable photon number and phase distributions. Squeezing of radiation is a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, and its low-noise property [14–16] has many attractive applications such as high-quality telecommunication [17] quantum cryptography [18, 19], and so on.
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