Occupational stress and burnout among physiotherapists: a cross-sectional survey in Cadiz (Spain)
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RESEARCH
Occupational stress and burnout among physiotherapists: a cross‑sectional survey in Cadiz (Spain) Ines Carmona‑Barrientos1, Francisco J. Gala‑León1, Mercedes Lupiani‑Giménez1, Alberto Cruz‑Barrientos2, David Lucena‑Anton1* and Jose A. Moral‑Munoz1,3
Abstract Background: Occupational stress is considered an ongoing epidemic. An inadequate response to a stressful situa‑ tion can trigger burnout syndrome. In this way, the assistant services (health and teaching) often reach higher levels of burnout. The present study aimed to measure the level of occupational stress and burnout in physiotherapists in the province of Cadiz (Spain), working in the public and/or private sector. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study. A sample of 272 physiotherapists took part in the study. The variables measured were sociodemographic variables, working conditions, level of occupational stress and burnout. Burnout includes three characteristics or dimensions: emotional exhaustion (EE), depersonaliza‑ tion (DP) and personal accomplishment (PA). Correspondence analysis of the sociodemographic, organizational and psychological variables were analyzed using Chi-squared significance tests. Spearman correlations and a linear regres‑ sion analysis were also carried out to determine the dependence between occupational stress and burnout. Results: The results showed that 30.51% of physiotherapists suffered from a high level of occupational stress, while 34.56% suffered from an average level. There was a clear dependence between a high level of stress and profession‑ als who felt stressed during their academic training period (p = 0.02), those who were in temporary work (p = 0.03) and those with over 10 years of professional experience (p = 0.05). The overall level of burnout was low, since only the EE dimension had a high value; the average was 21.64 ± 10.57. The DP (6.57 ± 4.65) and PA (39.52 ± 5.97) levels were low. There was a significant dependence (p 10 years
128
0
47.06
Timetable/shift (n = 272) Morning
12
1
Type of contract (n = 270)
0–2 years
11
26
Employment sector (n = 271)
Permanent
10
71
26.10
Afternoon
33
12.13
Morning and afternoon
145
53.31
Rotating
23
0
8.46
74
27.31
197
72.69
Adequate training at university (n = 271) Yes
1
No 13
16.04
Some
Public
9
83.96
43
Stress during training at university (n = 246) No
8
225
My job is stressful (n = 246) No
47
19.11
Some
120
48.78
Quite
79
32.11
MD missing data
26
sociodemographic profile and the self-constructed questions of the surveyed professionals. Additional data show the dependence analysis of the sociodemographic variables through Chi-squared significance tests (see Additional file 1). The test was calculated for the 13 variables. When the test was significant, this indicated a relationship between the two analyzed variables. According to the results obtained in the EAE-S, 30.51% of physiotherapists suffered from a high level of stress, 34.56% ex
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