Omega-3 fatty acid intake and decreased risk of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients
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ORIGINAL CONTRIBUTION
Omega‑3 fatty acid intake and decreased risk of skin cancer in organ transplant recipients Kyoko Miura1,2,3 · Mandy Way1,4 · Zainab Jiyad1,5 · Louise Marquart4 · Elsemieke I. Plasmeijer1,6 · Scott Campbell7 · Nicole Isbel7 · Jonathan Fawcett8 · Lisa E. Ferguson1 · Marcia Davis1 · David C. Whiteman1 · H. Peter Soyer9,10 · Peter O’Rourke4 · Adèle C. Green1,11 Received: 9 April 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose Organ transplant recipients have over 100-fold higher risk of developing skin cancer than the general population and are in need of further preventive strategies. We assessed the possible preventive effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake from food on the two main skin cancers, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in kidney and liver transplant recipients. Methods Adult kidney or liver transplant recipients transplanted for at least 1 year and at high risk of skin cancer were recruited from the main transplant hospital in Queensland, 2012–2014 and followed until mid-2016. We estimated their dietary total long-chain omega-3 PUFAs and α-linolenic acid intakes at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire and ranked PUFA intakes as low, medium, or high. Relative risks ( RRsadj) of skin cancer adjusted for confounding factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. Results There were 449 transplant recipients (mean age, 55 years; 286 (64%) male). During follow-up, 149 (33%) patients developed SCC (median 2/person; range 1–40) and 134 (30%), BCC. Transplant recipients with high total long-chain omega-3 PUFA compared with low intakes showed substantially reduced SCC tumour risk ( RRadj 0.33, 95% CI 0.18–0.60), and those with high α-linolenic acid intakes experienced significantly fewer BCCs (RRadj 0.40, 95% CI 0.22–0.74). No other significant associations were seen. Conclusion Among organ transplant recipients, relatively high intakes of long-chain omega-3 PUFAs and of α-linolenic acid may reduce risks of SCC and BCC, respectively. Keywords Omega-3 fatty acids · Alpha-linolenic acid · Skin neoplasms · Organ transplantation · Cohort studies
Introduction Organ transplant recipients have very high risks of developing cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with reported incidence rates in European kidney transplant recipients over 100 times higher than in the general population, and over 30 times higher in liver transplant recipients [1]. Similarly in Australia, we have found extremely high SCC incidence rates in high-risk kidney and liver transplant Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-020-02378-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kyoko Miura [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
recipients of 119 and 79 per 1000 person-years, respectively [2] compared wi
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