On the possibility of getting traceable time and frequency measurements via GNSS receivers
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
On the possibility of getting traceable time and frequency measurements via GNSS receivers Andreas Bauch1 · Dirk Piester1 · Thomas Polewka1 · Egle Staliuniene1 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The realization of Coordinated Universal Time, one of the tasks of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, relies on a network of international time links which currently is organized in a star-like scheme that links all contributing laboratories. GPS signal reception is the technique most widely employed by the laboratories. The PTB currently plays a unique role in the process due to its function as the central pivot in the time transfer between the participating laboratories. We discuss how the PTB meets its obligations to the international timekeeping community as well as to its users in Germany. In its role as an National Metrology Institute (NMI), PTB is entrusted with the realization and dissemination of legal time in Germany. The services were offered to the public support measurements and timing applications traceable to the national and international standards to be made in calibration laboratories and in many industrial sectors. We thus discuss the meaning and definition of traceability, how different GNSS systems can be used to establish traceability and their performance in doing so. Keywords GNSS · GPS · Galileo · Time and frequency metrology · Traceability
Introduction Assured access to accurate time has been identified as indispensable for the functioning of modern infrastructure worldwide. In virtually all sectors, namely energy, telecommunications, finance, and—quite naturally—positioning and navigation, but also time and frequency metrology, the reception of signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) has found widest use. The worldwide collaboration in realizing Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) as the commonly agreed time reference was recently described by Panfilo and Arias (2019) from the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). It relies to a large extent Disclaimer Commercial Products are identified for the sake of technical clarity. No endorsement by the authors or their institute is implied. This article is published as part of the special collection “Timekeeping in space: technology, practice, promise, and benefits”. * Andreas Bauch [email protected] 1
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
on time comparisons involving signal reception from the US Global Positioning System (GPS). Each of the about 80 timing institutes worldwide operates one or more specialized GNSS timing receivers, which relate the time of arrival of GNSS signals to the local time scale for this purpose. Several laboratories perform Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer through geostationary satellites in parallel. Through such time transfer links, the timing institutes get access worldwide get access to the realization of
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