On the presence of the Eastern Pacific Black Ghostshark Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeridae) in norther
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On the presence of the Eastern Pacific Black Ghostshark Hydrolagus melanophasma (Chondrichthyes: Chimaeridae) in northern Chile, with notes on its distribution in the Eastern Pacific Juan Francisco Araya 1,2
&
Pablo Reyes 3 & Mathias Hüne 3
Received: 23 February 2018 / Revised: 16 April 2020 / # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The Eastern Pacific Black Ghostshark Hydrolagus melanophasma (James et al. Zootaxa 2218:59–68, 2009) is a recently described deep water holocephalan found along the Eastern Pacific and so far known from a few records. Here we present new records for this species based on specimens collected as bycatch in the Chilean Seabass, Dissostichus eleginoides Smith, 1898 fishery at a depth of 1800 m off Taltal (25°S), northern Chile. This is the first record of Hydrolagus melanophasma in northern Chile, and its second occurrence in the southeastern Pacific, filling a gap in the distribution of the species and confirming its presence in the southeastern Pacific. We also report the first record of a Gyrocotyle species as parasite in this species. Keywords deep water fauna . bycatch . Atacama . cartilaginous fishes . Dissostichus eleginoides
Introduction Cartilaginous fishes have a relatively low commercial interest in the Chilean marine fisheries, which are mostly oriented towards small pelagic fishes and the salmon harvest (Cubillos 2005). With the exception of a single species (Callorhinchus callorynchus (Linnaeus, 1758)), holocephalans are only caught as bycatch in several fisheries (particularly of the South Pacific Hake Merluccius gayi (Guichenot, 1848)) along the Chilean coast (Lamilla et al. 2010). However, bycatch records are fragmentary because they are often never reported, nor kept or landed due to a lack of commercial interest, administrative restrictions, and other social-economic reasons (Arana et al. 2013). In Chile, studies regarding holocephalans are scarce, with just a few records for the five species documented in Chilean waters: Callorhinchus callorhynchus (Linnaeus, 1758), Hydrolagus macrophthalmus de Buen, 1959,
* Juan Francisco Araya [email protected] 1
Museo del Mar, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Arturo Prat 2120, 1110939 Iquique, Chile
2
Programa de Doctorado en Sistemática y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
3
Fundación Ictiológica, Avenida Pedro de Valdivia 2086, of. 406, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
Hydrolagus cf. trolli Didier and Séret 2002, Rhinochimaera pacifica (Mitsukuri, 1895) and Hydrolagus melanophasma James et al. 2009 (Andrade and Pequeño, 2006; Bustamante et al. 2012; Bustamante et al. 2014). Hydrolagus melanophasma (Figs. 1 and 2) in particular is distinguished by its large size, its uniform black coloration, eye length less than 9% of body length; and by its large, prominent, and slightly curved dorsal fin spine, where the spine serrations are usually very worn (in the studied specimens for the last 6.5–13% of spine length). This species has been recorded in deep waters off the coasts of northwestern Mexico
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