Open and Closed Innovation Different Cultures for Different Strategi
Many firms have shifted from a Closed Innovation to an Open Innovation strategy. During such change, firms often focus on implementing new processes to identify and use external technologies and new markets. Adapting the innovation culture, however, is ne
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GABLER RESEARCH Betriebswirtschaftliche Studien in forschungsintensiven Industrien Herausgegeben von Professor Dr. Hans Georg Gemünden, Technische Universität Berlin Professor Dr. Jens Leker, Universität Münster Professor Dr. Søren Salomo, DTU Executive School of Business, Danish Technical University DTU Professor Dr. Gerhard Schewe, Universität Münster Professorin Dr. Katrin Talke, Universität Hamburg
Im Mittelpunkt dieser Schriftenreihe steht das Management von Unternehmen, die sich durch ein hohes Engagement im Bereich der Forschung und Entwicklung auszeichnen. Die Reihe richtet sich einerseits an Leser in der Wissenschaft und andererseits an Leser in der Praxis, die im Rahmen ihrer Tätigkeit auf der Suche nach neuen anwendungsorientierten Problemlösungen sind. Die Schriftenreihe ist nicht auf Veröffentlichungen aus den Instituten der Herausgeber beschränkt.
Philipp Herzog
Open and Closed Innovation Different Cultures for Different Strategies 2nd revised edition With a foreword by Prof. Dr. Jens Leker
RESEARCH
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1st edition 2008 2nd revised edition 2011 All rights reserved © Gabler Verlag | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden GmbH 2011 Editorial Office: Stefanie Brich | Sabine Schöller Gabler Verlag is a brand of Springer Fachmedien. Springer Fachmedien is part of Springer Science+Business Media. www.gabler.de No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. Registered and/or industrial names, trade names, trade descriptions etc. cited in this publication are part of the law for trade-mark protection and may not be used free in any form or by any means even if this is not specifically marked. Coverdesign: KünkelLopka Medienentwicklung, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany ISBN 978-3-8349-2686-9
Foreword to the 1st edition Firms acting in an environment of rapid technological change are often dependent on externally developing knowledge sources in order to generate radical innovations. This pressing need of integrating external R&D sources has forced many firms to shift from a Closed Innovation model to an Open Innovation model. In the chemical industry – as the industry of focus in the present work – the innovative force slowed down in the last 20 years. As a consequence, many chemical firms strive for implementing new forms of innovation management and follow an innovation strategy that involves the external environment to a greater extent. They implement the Open Innovation concept by setting up separated organizational units (e.g. Degussa’s ‘Creavis Technologies & Innovation’ or BASF’s ‘Joint Innovation Lab’), which focus on innovation projects that can
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