Opportunities and Challenges for Multi-Constellation, Multi-Frequency Automotive GNSS Receivers
In this paper, the implementation of a multi-constellation, multi-frequency automotive GNSS receiver is discussed. The main objective of this paper is threefold. First, to identify, in the context of automotive applications, the most promising GNSS signal
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stract In this paper, the implementation of a multi-constellation, multi-frequency automotive GNSS receiver is discussed. The main objective of this paper is threefold. First, to identify, in the context of automotive applications, the most promising GNSS signal combination and analyze its benefits and limitations. Second, to propose a receiver architecture that offers sufficient robustness and flexibility to maintain high-accuracy and high-availability navigation capabilities in challenging automotive signal environments as well as to accommodate the particulars of the legacy, new and modernized signals. Third, to optimize the receiver’s implementation so that it meets the automotive requirements in terms of size, cost and power consumption. To this end, several front-end architectures are compared and some key aspects of the baseband hardware implementation discussed. Additionally, robust acquisition and tracking algorithms that respectively account for the availability of a second frequency and for the introduction of advanced modulations are presented. Finally, some insights are provided regarding optimization of the PVT performance in terms of multipath mitigation and ionospheric corrections.
1 Introduction Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers greatly benefit from the modernization of existing GNSS constellations such as GPS and GLONASS as well as from the launch of new ones such as Galileo and COMPASS. First, the combining of these constellations can significantly improve the navigation solution availability in urban canyons and heavily-shadowed areas. Second, increased satellite availability translates into higher measurement redundancy and improved reliability. Additionally, the excellent inherent noise and multipath mitigation capacity of the new and Cécile Mongrédien (B) Fraunhofer IIS, Nordostpark 93, 90411 Nürnberg, Germany [email protected]
A. Heuberger, Microelectronic Systems. DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23070-7_16, © Springer 2011
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modernized wide-band signals, combined with the ionospheric mitigation capacity brought by frequency diversity, notably improves accuracy in both measurement and position domains. GNSS receiver performance, however, remains strongly affected by the user environment. In particular, developing a receiver for automotive applications implies that a continuous and reliable navigation solution has to be delivered in rapidly changing environments where signal reception can be degraded by the presence of buildings, trees or tunnels and suffer from heavy attenuation, high multipath or short loss-of-lock. Following an overview of the current and upcoming global satellite navigation systems and their signals, the trade-offs in terms of hardware, software, and algorithm complexity for a multi-constellation, multi-frequency automotive-grade GNSS receiver will be discussed. Having identified a promising GNSS signal combination and analyzed its benefits and limitations in the context of automotive application, this paper wi
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