Optical, electrical, mechanical properties of Pr 3+ and Yb 3+ doped phosphate glasses
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Optical, electrical, mechanical properties of Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glasses A. V. Deepa1 · P. Vinothkumar2 · K. Sathya Moorthy2,5 · P. Muralimanohar2 · Manoj Mohapatra3,4 · S. Praveenkumar6 · Priya Murugasen2 Received: 15 January 2020 / Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The rare earth Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glass were prepared by quenching method using electrical muful furnace. The optical band gap of rare earth Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glass were studied. The dielectric permittivity, dielectric loss and electrical conductivity of the prepared samples have been studied using LCR meter with different frequencies at room temperature. The Vickers hardness number, brittle index, yield strength, fracture toughness of the rare earth Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glasses were also calculated. The nonlinear optical parameters such as third order nonlinear coefficient and nonlinear refractive index were estimated using Z-scan method. The magnetic property of the Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glass was studied using VSM analysis. The electro chemical properties of Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glass electrodes in 5 M KOH electrolyte were studied using cyclic voltammetry, Galvanostatic charge–discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The specific capacitance, energy density and capacity retention of Pr3+ and Yb3+ doped phosphate glasses were calculated. Keywords Phosphate glass · Rare earth · Optical nonlinearity · Nonlinear susceptibility · Vickers hardness · Refractive index
* Priya Murugasen [email protected] 1
Department of Physics, SNDP YSS COLLEGE, Kunnappally, Perinthalmanna, Malappuram, Kerala, India
2
Department of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
3
Radiochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), Trombay, Mumbai 400 085, India
4
Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai 400 094, India
5
Department of Physics, Presidency College, Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai 600 005, India
6
Department of ECE Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai 602105, India
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A. V. Deepa et al.
1 Introduction Glass is an inorganic solid material, which is transparent at room temperature. Glass is a name given all amorphous materials which can be obtained by lowering the temperature of melt, independently of its chemical composition ant its temperature range of solidification. When a liquid is cooled to solid state, there is a possibility of getting two outputs (i) glassline materials (ii) amorphous materials. In glassy materials, the constituent particles are arranged in a random manner and lack the long range periodic glass structure. Eg: Glass, Rubber and Plastic. The amorphous materials show short range periodicity. In past decades, peoples used glasses for making ornaments with the unawareness of its properties. But in present century glasses attain prior position in both o
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