Orthographic and phonological contributions to flanker effects
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Orthographic and phonological contributions to flanker effects Christophe Cauchi 1,2 & Bernard Lété 1 & Jonathan Grainger 2,3
# The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Does phonology contribute to effects of orthographically related flankers in the flankers task? In order to answer this question, we implemented the flanker equivalent of a pseudohomophone priming manipulation that has been widely used to demonstrate automatic phonological processing during visual word recognition. In Experiment 1, central target words were flanked on each side by either a pseudohomophone of the target (e.g., roze rose roze), an orthographic control pseudoword (rone rose rone), or an unrelated pseudoword (mirt rose mirt). Both the pseudohomophone and the orthographic control conditions produced faster and more accurate responses to central targets, but performance in these two conditions did not differ significantly. Experiment 2 tested the same stimuli in a masked priming paradigm and replicated the standard finding in French that pseudohomophone primes produce significantly faster responses to target words than orthographic control primes. Therefore, contrary to its impact on masked priming, phonology does not contribute to effects of flanker relatedness, which would appear to be driven primarily by orthographic overlap. Keywords Reading . Flankers task . Phonology . Pseudohomophones
In a seminal study, Dare and Shillcock (2013) asked their participants to make lexical decisions to centrally located target words and nonwords while adding a subtle yet powerful twist to this classic paradigm. They added two letters to the left and two letters to the right of target stimuli, separated from the targets by a single space. These flanker letters could either be part of the target word (e.g., RO ROCK CK) or unrelated letters (e.g., PA ROCK TH). Participants could ignore the flanking letters because they were irrelevant for the task (nonword targets were also flanked by related and unrelated letters). Dare and Shillcock found that lexical decisions were facilitated by related flanker bigrams, not only when they respected their order in the target (as in the above example), but also when the order was reversed (e.g., CK ROCK RO). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02023-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jonathan Grainger [email protected] 1
Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EA 3082), Lyon 2 University, Lyon, France
2
Laboratoire de Psychologie Cognitive, CNRS & Aix-Marseille University, 3 place Victor Hugo, 13331 Marseille, France
3
Institute for Language Communication and the Brain, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
Crucially, they found the same amount of facilitation in these two conditions, a result that was to have important consequences for future theorizing. In the present study, we examine the potential contribution of phonology to the effects of flanker relatedness obtained in the flankers
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