Orthopedics and COVID-19: Scientific Publications Rush
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Orthopedics and COVID‑19: Scientific Publications Rush Riccardo D’Ambrosi1 Received: 24 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 May 2020 © Indian Orthopaedics Association 2020
Abstract Background The purpose of this literature review is to analyze all the articles related to COVID-19 and orthopedics and to shed light on the scientific evidence that has actually been found. Methods A systematic review of the existing literature was performed to identify all studies dealing with COVID-19 and orthopedics. The guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) were followed for the identification of the articles. On April 19 2020, a search was performed using MEDLINE and PubMed Central. For the research, the following terms were used: “COVID-19” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “Coronavirus” AND “orthopaedic” OR “orthopedic” OR “traumatology”. Results A total of 23 studies were included in the review, of which 19 (82.6%) were editorials, letters to editors, orthopedic forums or expert opinions, 3 (13.0%) studies were level IV of evidence and 1 (4.4%) was a literature review. Articles have been divided into the follow categories: guidelines, traumatology, pediatric, spine surgery, telemedicine, sports medicine, bioethical, educational, rehabilitation, survey and hand surgery. Conclusions Although scientific production is very active on the topic of COVID-19 and orthopedics, the scientific evidence is practically nil, mainly dealing with editorials, letters to editors or expert opinions. Therefore, future studies should focus on clinical outcomes and treatments in COVID-19-positive orthopedic patients and prevention strategies. Additionally, international guidelines and consensus statements must be developed to standardize procedures as much as possible in this pandemic scenario. Keywords COVID-19 · SARS-CoV-2 · Pandemic · Literature review · Scientific publications
Introduction In December 2019, a new kind of pneumonia disease was recognized in Wuhan, the People’s Republic of China. The outbreak was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on January 30 2020, and the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a name for this virus [SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome)-CoV-2] and for the disease (COVID-19) on February 11 2020, and formally declared it a pandemic one month later on March 11 2020 [1]. The coronaviruses (CoVs) are considered to be the major pathogens behind emerging respiratory disease outbreaks. They are a large family of single-stranded RNA viruses that * Riccardo D’Ambrosi [email protected] 1
IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Via Galeazzi 4, 20161 Milan, Italy
can be isolated in different animal species. Moreover, for reasons yet to be explained, these viruses can cross species barriers and can cause, in humans, illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as MERS and SARS [2]. The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has severely impacted medical practices throughout the world, especially those of infectio
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