Osteocalcin and measures of adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
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REVIEW
Osteocalcin and measures of adiposity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies Xiaoying Liu 1 & Yihui Liu 2 & Julia Mathers 1 & Melissa Cameron 1 & Itamar Levinger 3,4 & Bu B. Yeap 5,6 & Joshua R. Lewis 5,7,8 & Kaye E. Brock 1 & Tara C. Brennan-Speranza 1,2 Received: 19 November 2019 / Accepted: 25 August 2020 # International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation 2020
Abstract Summary Osteocalcin, the osteoblast-derived protein, has been shown to be modulated in patients with problematic glucose metabolism. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that in humans, higher blood osteocalcin level is associated with lower body indices of fat. Purpose/introduction Osteocalcin (OC) was found to be inversely correlated with measures of glucose and energy metabolism, with some groups suggesting the undercarboxylated form (ucOC) to be metabolically active, although the link is not clear, especially in humans. Given obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, we aimed to assess the correlation between OC and two measures of body weight: body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF). Methods MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify observational studies in adult populations that reported the crude correlation coefficients (r) between OC and BMI and %BF. Pool r were obtained using random-effects models. Results Fifty-one publications were included in this analysis. Both total OC (TOC) (pooled r = − 0.151, 95% CI – 0.17, − 0.130; I2 = 52%) and ucOC (pooled r = − 0.060, 95% CI – 0.103, − 0.016; I2 = 54%) were inversely correlated with BMI. The pooled r between TOC and BMI in Caucasian-and-other-regions (r = − 0.187) were stronger than those in Asian populations (r = − 0.126; intra-group p = 0.002; R2 = 0.21). The mean/median BMI of the reported cohort was the major contributor to between-study heterogeneity in correlation between TOC/ucOC and BMI (R2 = 0.28 and 0.77, respectively). Both TOC and ucOC were also inversely correlated with %BF (TOC: pooled r = − 0.185, 95% CI – 0.257 to − 0.112; ucOC: pooled r = − 0.181, 95% CI – 0.258 to − 0.101). Conclusion Higher OC and ucOC were correlated with lower BMI and %BF. The inverse correlations between TOC/ucOC and BMI appear to be affected by ethnicity and obesity status. Keywords Osteocalcin . Body mass index . Adiposity . Body fat percentage
Kaye E. Brock and Tara C. Brennan-Speranza co-senior authorship Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-020-00812-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Tara C. Brennan-Speranza [email protected]
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Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Department of Medicine-Western Health, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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