Overview of Possible Roles of OPLL-Associated Genes in OPLL Development
In addition to classical genomic studies, a genome-wide association study for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) was performed and susceptibility loci and candidate genes were identified. Among them, R-spondin 2 (RSPO2) has been fo
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OPLL
Atsushi Okawa • Morio Matsumoto Motoki Iwasaki • Yoshiharu Kawaguchi Editors
OPLL Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament Third Edition
Editors Atsushi Okawa Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Tokyo Medical and Dental University Tokyo Japan
Morio Matsumoto Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Keio University Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo Japan
Motoki Iwasaki Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Osaka Rosai Hospital Sakai, Osaka Japan
Yoshiharu Kawaguchi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Toyama University Hospital Sugitani, Toyama Japan
ISBN 978-981-15-3854-4 ISBN 978-981-15-3855-1 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3855-1 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore
Preface
This third edition is dedicated to Keiro Ono, Professor Emeritus of Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, who was the first editor of this textbook and passed away in 2018. Aston C. Key first described the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) in 1838. Two male patients suffered from bladder disturbance and paraplegia followed by septicemia. Autopsies revealed that they had a narrowed cervical canal due to an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament. In Japan, a similar case was reported in 1960. Since that time, many studies about this disease have been conducted in this country. In 1975, the government launched a foundation to research this intractable disease, which has continued until the present. Spontaneous OPLL develops over many years, resulting in compression of the spinal cord. Minor trauma can easily cause deterioration of myelopathy or induce spinal cord injury. Although devel
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