Palladium and gold nanoparticles on carbon supports as highly efficient catalysts for effective removal of trichloroethy
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ARTICLE Palladium and gold nanoparticles on carbon supports as highly efficient catalysts for effective removal of trichloroethylene Kavita Meduri Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
Candice Stauffer Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
Wen Qian Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
Otto Zietz Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
Andrew Barnum Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
Graham O’Brien Johnson and Dimin Fanb) School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
Weixiao Ji and Changwen Zhang School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
Paul Tratnyek School of Public Health, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
Jun Jiaoa) Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA; and Department of Physics, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA (Received 15 March 2018; accepted 11 June 2018)
Palladium (Pd) and gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) hybridized on two types of carbon supports, graphene and granular activated carbon (GAC), were shown to be promising catalysts for the sustainable hydrodehalogenation of aqueous trichloroethylene (TCE). These catalysts are capable of degrading TCE more rapidly than commercial Pd-on-GAC catalysts. The catalysts were synthesized at room temperature without the use of any environmentally unfriendly chemicals. Pd was chosen for its catalytic potency to break down TCE, while Au acts as a strong promoter of the catalytic activity of Pd. The results indicate that both graphene and GAC are favorable supports for the NPs due to high surface-to-volume ratios, unique surface properties, and the prevention of NP aggregation. The properties of NP catalysts were characterized using electron microscopy and spectroscopy techniques. The TCE degradation results indicate that the GAC-supported catalysts have a higher rate of TCE removal than the commercial Pd-on-GAC catalyst, and the degradation rate is greatly increased when using graphene-supported samples.
I. INTRODUCTION
Hydrogenation associated with palladium (Pd)-based catalysts has shown promise as a fast, efficient, and reliable technique for sustainable groundwater treatment, especially against volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Pd is more catalytically active, chemically stable, and a)
Address all correspondence to this author. e-mail: [email protected] b) Present address: Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education Fellow, Office of Superfund Remediation and Technology Innovation, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA. DOI: 10.1557/jmr.2018.212 J. Mater. Res., 2018
reaction-selective in comparison to other metals, such as iridium, rhodium, zin
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