Particle bombardment technology and its applications in plants
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REVIEW
Particle bombardment technology and its applications in plants Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit1,2 · Kuaybe Yucebilgili Kurtoglu3 Received: 9 May 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Particle bombardment, or biolistics, has emerged as an excellent alternative approach for plant genetic transformation which circumvents the limitations of Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation. The method has no biological constraints and can transform a wide range of plant species. Besides, it has been the most efficient way to achieve organelle transformation (for both chloroplasts and mitochondria) so far. Along with the recent advances in genome editing technologies, conventional gene delivery tools are now being repurposed to deliver targeted gene editing reagents into the plants. One of the key advantages is that the particle bombardment allows DNA-free gene editing of the genome. It enables the direct delivery of proteins, RNAs, and RNPs into plants. Owing to the versatility and wide-range applicability of the particle bombardment, it will likely remain one of the major genetic transformation methods in the future. This article provides an overview of the current status of particle bombardment technology and its applications in the field of plant research and biotechnology. Keywords Biolistic · Gene gun · Direct gene transfer · Transgenic plants · Gene delivery · Genetic transformation
Introduction Plant genetic transformation is a key method in plant biotechnology, that relies on the ability to insert foreign DNA into the host genome [1]. Agricultural biotechnology has been revolutionized with the advances and implementations of this method which leads the acquisition of desired traits such as biotic/abiotic stress tolerance, high crop yield and improved nutritional content in plants [2, 3]. It has been more than three decades since the first genetic transformation has been successfully applied to tobacco cells using Agrobacterium-mediated gene delivery [4]. Owing to the initial restrictions of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation such as host specificity and poor infectivity [5], a * Ibrahim Ilker Ozyigit [email protected] * Kuaybe Yucebilgili Kurtoglu [email protected] 1
Faculty of Science & Arts, Department of Biology, Marmara University, Goztepe, Istanbul, Turkey
2
Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
3
Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Uskudar, Istanbul, Turkey
number of direct gene delivery methods have been emerged and proven useful for fundamental and practical aims. The methods include electroporation, protoplast transformation, microinjection, silicon carbide fiber- or whisker-mediated transformation and particle bombardment [6, 7]. Amongst them all, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and particle bombardment are, by far, the most efficient and widely used methods in plants [8]. Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a soil bacterium, is
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