Pearls and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychoph
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Pearls and pitfalls in brain functional analysis by event-related potentials: a narrative review by the Italian Psychophysiology and Cognitive Neuroscience Society on methodological limits and clinical reliability—part I Marina de Tommaso 1 & Viviana Betti 2,3 & Tommaso Bocci 4 & Nadia Bolognini 5,6 & Francesco Di Russo 7 & Francesco Fattapposta 8 & Raffaele Ferri 9 & Sara Invitto 10 & Giacomo Koch 3,11 & Carlo Miniussi 12,13 & Francesco Piccione 14 & Aldo Ragazzoni 15 & Ferdinando Sartucci 16,17 & Simone Rossi 18 & Giorgio Arcara 14 & Marika Berchicci 7 & Valentina Bianco 3,7 & Marianna Delussi 1 & Eleonora Gentile 1 & Fabio Giovannelli 19 & Daniela Mannarelli 8 & Marco Marino 14 & Elena Mussini 7 & Caterina Pauletti 8 & Maria Concetta Pellicciari 3 & Alberto Pisoni 5 & Alberto Raggi 20 & Massimiliano Valeriani 21,22 Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 13 April 2020 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2020
Abstract Event-related potentials (ERPs) are obtained from the electroencephalogram (EEG) or the magnetoencephalogram (MEG, eventrelated fields (ERF)), extracting the activity that is time-locked to an event. Despite the potential utility of ERP/ERF in cognitive domain, the clinical standardization of their use is presently undefined for most of procedures. The aim of the present review is to establish limits and reliability of ERP medical application, summarize main methodological issues, and present evidence of clinical application and future improvement. The present section of the review focuses on well-standardized ERP methods, including P300, Contingent Negative Variation (CNV), Mismatch Negativity (MMN), and N400, with a chapter dedicated to laser-evoked potentials (LEPs). One section is dedicated to proactive preparatory brain activity as the Bereitschaftspotential and * Massimiliano Valeriani [email protected] 1
Applied Neurophysiology and Pain Unit-AnpLab-University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
2
Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
3
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia (Santa Lucia Foundation), Rome, Italy
4
Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
5
Department of Psychology & NeuroMi, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
6
Laboratory of Neuropsychology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico, Milan, Italy
7
Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, Rome, Italy
8
Department of Human Neuroscience, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
9
Oasi Research Institute –IRCCS, Troina, Italy
10
INSPIRE - Laboratory of Cognitive and Psychophysiological Olfactory Processes, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
11
Department of Neuroscience, Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
12
Center for Mind/Brain Sciences – CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
13
Cognitive Neuroscience Section, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
14
Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics Research Group, IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, Venice, Italy
15
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