Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins and their derivatives Priya Dhiman1 · Meenakshi Bhatia1 Received: 28 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 October 2020 / Published online: 8 October 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Cyclodextrins (CDs) are abundantly explored in the field of medicines for the design of various types of drug delivery systems. They are cyclic oligosaccharides carrying α (1,4) glucopyranose units and able to build aqueous soluble inclusion complexes with various small and large drug molecules. These molecules have a unique structural feature and categorized into hydrophobic, hydrophilic and ionic derivatives. Villiers and Schardinger in 1891, first described the chemical nature and types of cyclodextrin. Cramer and co-workers in 1955 illustrated their latent to make water soluble inclusion complexes with various active components. These CDs molecules are used in pharmaceutical field practically and economically to improve the stability, solubility as well as bioavailability of drug molecules. In this review article physical characteristic, chemical nature and applications of different cyclodextrin and their derivatives in different drug delivery systems and toxicological effects are engrossed. Keywords Cyclodextrins · Inclusion complexes · Solubility · Drug delivery system
Introduction and history Now days, researches are aimed to improve the safety and efficacy of previously established and newly developed chemical entities. These chemical entities are obtained by some physical/chemical changes in the parent candidate and implementation of better formulation strategies that meet the specific needs [1]. In the past few years, development of therapeutics has been enormously explored and has witnessed a tremendous development and progress in this area. Natural polymers obtained from different origins like microbial (xanthan gum, dextran), plant (pectin, guar gum, psyllium), algal (alginate), animal origin (chitosan, chondroitin) etc. have been massively explored as such and even after varied functionalization [2–5]. Polymers have a number of active groups, different molecular mass, variability in chemical composition, structure and properties that help in the synthesis of large number of derived polymers. The natural polymers are practically safe, non-toxic, abundantly available and biodegradable in nature. The presence of active * Priya Dhiman [email protected] 1
Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar 125001, India
groups on molecular chain makes them chemically and bio-chemically active which results in formation of various derivatives. A number of molecular, natural and synthetic macro and micro-carriers have been induced in the pharmaceutical design in order to meet controlled, sustained and immediate release of the drug to the specified targets [6–8]. The natural polymers carrying very large number of carboxyl, amino and hydroxyl groups which form non-covalent bonds w
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