Photostabilization of Polymers Priciples and Applications
During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual
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PHOTOSTABILIZATION OF
POLYMERS Principles and Applications
J. F. RABEK Department of Polymer Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDON and NEW YORK
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WITH 98 TABLES AND 157 ILLUSTRATIONS
©
1990 ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1990
British Ubrary Catalqguing in Publication Data
Rabek, J. F. (Jan F.) Photostabilization of polymers. 1. Polymers. Stabilization I. Title 668.4'1 ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6821-5
Ubrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Rabek, J. F. Photostabilization of polymers: principles and applications/ J. F. Rabek. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN-13: 978-94-010-6821-5 e·ISBN·13: 978·94·009·0747·8 001: 10.1007/978-94-009-0747-8 1. Polymers-Deterioration. 2. Photochemistry. I. Title. OD381.9.P56R34 1990 620.1 '920422-dc20
89-16993 CIP
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Dedicated to my aunt Irena Gawronska, chemist, her family Adam and Mary and their lovely children Jan, Anna, Ronan and Paula
'None of us is as good as all of us' People involved in polymer stabilization
Preface
During the last two decades, the production of polymers and plastics has been increasing rapidly. In spite of developing new polymers and polymeric materials, only 40-60 are used commercially on a large scale. It has been estimated that half of the annual production of polymers is employed outdoors. Increasing the stability of polymers and plastics towards heat, light, atmospheric oxygen and other environmental agents and weathering conditions has always been a very important problem. The photochemical instability of most of polymers limits them to outdoor application, where they are photodegraded fast over periods ranging from months to a few years. To the despair of technologists and consumers alike, photodegradation and environmental ageing of polymers occur much faster than can be expected from k
